The main focus is on the cause of hyperkalemia. If hyperkalemia is due to consuming foods rich in potassium, administration of potassium-containing solutions, transfusion of stored blood, use of potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone, or prolonged venipuncture causing severe shaking of the blood sample during transport, addressing these causes can prevent the occurrence of hyperkalemia.

If hyperkalemia is caused by certain diseases, such as renal failure or adrenal insufficiency, active treatment of the underlying disease is required. If the renal failure is acute, recovery of kidney function might prevent the recurrence of hyperkalemia. However, if there is chronic renal insufficiency, there tends to be a higher recurrence rate of hyperkalemia. Therefore, whether hyperkalemia can be cured largely depends on identifying the underlying cause.