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Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
About me
Zhao Xinlan, female, Chief of the Endocrinology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Chief Physician, and Master's Supervisor.
Serves as a member of the Elderly Endocrinology Group of the Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the Islet Cell Histology Committee of the Chinese Geriatrics Society, the Deputy Director of the Women's Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment Professional Committee of the Hunan Female Physicians Association, a member of the Diabetes Professional Committee of the Hunan Medical Association, a special medical insurance review expert in Hunan Province, and a member of the Hunan Province Medical Accident Appraisal Expert Database.
Has undertaken 3 provincial-level projects, won a Hunan Medical Science and Technology Progress Award (ranked third), and participated in more than 10 national and provincial-level projects, with over 10 professional papers published in SCI and other journals.
Proficient in diseases
Individualized precise treatment for diabetes, adrenal diseases, secondary hypertension, thyroid diseases, pregnancy endocrinology and other endocrine diseases diagnosis and treatment.
Voices
Which department for thyroid nodules?
Which department to see for thyroid nodules depends on the specific condition of the nodules. If the nodule is relatively small and does not cause local compression symptoms, such as respiratory difficulty, shortness of breath, or difficulty swallowing, then you can visit the endocrinology department to check the functional state of the thyroid nodules as well as use ultrasound to assess whether the thyroid nodules are benign or malignant. If the nodule is large, exceeding ten centimeters, and has caused symptoms such as hoarseness, shortness of breath, and difficulty swallowing, then it is necessary to visit the thyroid surgery department, where surgical treatment may be needed to relieve the symptoms.
Do thyroid nodules hurt?
Thyroid nodules generally do not cause pain. However, pain may occur if the nodules are due to subacute thyroiditis or if there is suppurative thyroiditis. Another possible cause of pain is the rapid enlargement of the thyroid due to a ruptured cyst, which can lead to severe pain. Additionally, most thyroid nodules are painless. Pain might occur when there is a change in the nodules, such as rapid growth, or if cancerous changes develop, potentially leading to localized pain.
What to eat for breakfast with gestational diabetes?
Dietary control is extremely important for gestational diabetes. Eating too little may lead to poor fetal development, while eating too much may cause blood sugar levels to be difficult to control, leading to macrosomia or even adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, paying close attention to diet is indeed necessary. As for how much to eat, it can be calculated based on the total calories needed throughout the day, with breakfast accounting for about one-third of the total calories. Specifically for breakfast, it should consist of carbohydrates and protein, a moderate amount of fats, and certain vitamins. For example, for a user weighing 50 or 60 kilograms, breakfast could include 250 milliliters of pure milk, an egg, along with some whole grain bread or steamed buns, approximately 100 grams, and some vegetables. You could have cucumber salad or some kelp strips, which are low in glycemic index and can help fill the stomach. Additionally, between meals, such as between breakfast and lunch, it is appropriate to have two walnut kernels to keep blood sugar from spiking while achieving nutritional balance.
How to treat thyroid nodules
The treatment of thyroid nodules first requires assessing the functionality of the thyroid nodules, determining whether they are functional or non-functional tumors. This requires a blood test to check thyroid function. The second step is to assess the malignancy of the thyroid nodules, whether they are benign or malignant. The treatment methods differ accordingly. The main tool for differentiation is the color Doppler ultrasound. If the color Doppler ultrasound indicates a benign nodule and the nodule is small, less than four centimeters, it can be observed dynamically. However, if it indicates a malignant nodule, then prompt surgical treatment is necessary.
Hyperkalemia presents with what symptoms?
Early signs of hyperkalemia often manifest as abnormal numbness in the limbs, extreme fatigue, muscle soreness, pallor and clamminess of limbs, and in severe cases, there may be difficulties in swallowing, speaking, and breathing, and even ascending paralysis and disappearance of tendon reflexes. The central nervous system may be affected, presenting as restlessness, fainting, and even confusion. The heart is often a major organ damaged by hyperkalemia, which can lead to a slowed heart rate. Patients may experience palpitations and panic among other discomforts, and in the most severe cases, it can cause cardiac arrest. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, among other gastrointestinal symptoms.
What diseases are easily contracted with obesity?
Obesity is most likely to affect the cardiovascular and endocrine metabolic systems. Obesity can easily lead to high blood sugar, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Over time, it can cause arteriosclerosis, leading to high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. At the same time, obesity can also cause some diseases of the digestive system, such as fatty liver, which is most common in obese individuals, leading to reduced liver function and increased transaminases. Additionally, obesity can lead to abnormal bone metabolism, making it easy to combine with osteoporosis.
Is a thyroid cyst serious if it becomes malignant?
Thyroid cysts are generally benign lesions, so their malignancy rate is not high, and they generally do not become malignant. Thyroid cysts can be solitary or multiple, and usually grow slowly without any clinical symptoms. Routine monitoring is mainly based on color Doppler ultrasound to observe changes in the cysts. If the cyst shows calcification of the cyst wall or rapid growth, attention should be given to whether there are other changes or internal bleeding within the cyst. Timely surgical treatment can lead to a very good prognosis.
Symptoms of thyroiditis
The symptoms of thyroiditis are related to the cause of the thyroid disease, and different causes lead to different symptoms of thyroiditis. Common subacute thyroiditis may cause pain in the neck and thyroid area, accompanied by fever and pain, and may present as migratory. The thyroid may appear locally enlarged and feel hard to the touch. If it is autoimmune thyroiditis, such as the most common Hashimoto's thyroiditis, there may be no symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, transient symptoms of hyperthyroidism may occur, but these symptoms of hyperthyroidism can be cured and do not require special treatment. Then, as the disease progresses and more thyroid destruction occurs, symptoms of hypothyroidism may eventually develop.
How to treat thyroid cysts
The treatment of a thyroid cyst depends on its size and location. Generally, a thyroid cyst is a benign lesion that presents as a space-occupying lump at the Adam's apple. If the cyst is relatively large, it might cause local compression symptoms such as pain, difficulty swallowing, and a hoarse voice. If the tumor cyst is small, it might not show any obvious symptoms, in which case it can be monitored over time. If the cyst is larger than four centimeters and causes discomfort such as local compression symptoms, corresponding surgical treatment is needed, or minimally invasive procedures such as cyst fluid aspiration or microwave ablation of the cyst.
Can thyroid cysts be massaged?
Thyroid cysts refer to fluid-filled sac-like structures that appear in the thyroid, which are usually benign. The fluid contained within is often referred to as a blister. These blisters can be quite large, over five centimeters, or quite small, less than one centimeter. They should not be massaged, as massage does not offer any benefits to them. If the cyst is relatively large, massaging the area can stimulate it, causing bleeding within the cyst. Consequently, the cyst may rapidly and temporarily enlarge, potentially causing localized pain, compression, and even difficulties in breathing and swallowing. Therefore, it is advised not to massage thyroid cysts.