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Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus is what disease?
Lupus erythematosus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus, is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple systems and organs. Patients' serum contains various autoantibodies, with the main pathological changes being inflammatory reactions and vascular abnormalities. Most patients exhibit butterfly-shaped erythema on the bridge of the nose and cheeks, which is the most characteristic manifestation of lupus erythematosus. The clinical presentations of systemic lupus erythematosus are diverse, generally characterized by the "four multiples": involvement of multiple systems, multiple organs, multiple autoantibodies, and a higher prevalence among women of childbearing age. Without proper and effective treatment, the mortality rate is high, with the main causes of death being infections, renal failure, and damage to the central nervous system.
How is lupus treated?
The treatment of lupus erythematosus mainly involves the following aspects: Firstly, mild patients can be treated with antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, thalidomide, and low-dose corticosteroids; moderate active patients can receive individualized treatment with corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants may be used when necessary; for severe patients, corticosteroids are the preferred treatment, combined with immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide. Secondly, for lupus crisis patients, treatment can involve immunoglobulin, high-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy. Thirdly, biologics, such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, plasmapheresis, and autologous stem cell transplantation, are also used clinically. Medication for treating lupus erythematosus should be used under the guidance of a doctor, and self-medication should be avoided to prevent serious consequences.
For lupus, register under the department of Rheumatology.
Patients with lupus should visit the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, as lupus is a clinically complex autoimmune disease. Many people think that lupus is a skin disease, but this is not the case. Lupus is a rheumatic and immunological disease, belonging to the category of rheumatic immunological diseases, and is an uncommon autoimmune disease.
Will the rash of lupus fade away?
Patients with lupus often experience recurrent, stubborn skin lesions on their hands or face, and some may even develop ulceration, atrophy, or scarring on top of the existing erythema. Most lupus patients exhibit erythema, centered around the bridge of the nose and appearing on the cheeks. The lesions are disc-like on both sides with generally clear boundaries, either flat or slightly raised, and are categorized as exudative inflammation. Depending on the severity of the inflammation, the erythema can range from light red, bright red to purple-red. In severe cases, localized edema resembling erysipelas may occur, and scaling and hyperpigmentation may appear as the inflammation subsides. Facial rashes generally resolve, and most rashes do not leave marks after resolution. If hyperpigmentation remains after the erythema has resolved, it suggests a good prognosis. However, erythema in other areas, such as acral erythema and reticular cyanosis, may last for varying durations depending on the patient's individual condition.
Can lupus be cured?
Lupus erythematosus currently has no cure in clinical practice. However, an early diagnosis and treatment can significantly prolong the life expectancy of patients. Compared to the past, with standardized and effective individualized treatments, the 5-year survival rate can reach 95%, and the 10-year survival rate can reach 84%. However, the cause of lupus erythematosus is unclear, and no method can completely cure the disease. It is important to emphasize that there are already some medications available clinically that can alleviate the symptoms, allowing patients to live normal lives and work normally. Additionally, it is crucial not to resort to desperate measures by seeking random treatments or believing in folk remedies and secret family recipes shared by others. Such actions can not only delay proper treatment and waste money but also worsen the condition due to unclear formulations.
What should I do if lupus causes a cold and cough?
When patients with lupus erythematosus experience a cold and cough, we should first conduct a routine blood test to see if it is caused by an infection, and then treat the symptoms accordingly. If the patient has a cough with phlegm, we should first help the patient clear the phlegm to avoid choking. Patients with lupus erythematosus should not take medication at will. If medication is needed to treat the cold and cough, it should be used under the guidance of a doctor.
What causes lupus erythematosus?
The cause of lupus erythematosus is not yet very clear. It is generally believed that the disease is caused by a combination of factors including genetics, environment, estrogen levels, and drugs, leading to immune disorder and consequently the onset of this disease. Studies have found that factors directly related to the onset of lupus erythematosus include ultraviolet rays causing apoptosis of epidermal cells, exposure of new antigens becoming autoantigens, and infections; Other possible related factors include drugs such as hydralazine and isoniazid, as well as food dyes, hair dyes, celery, figs, mushrooms, smoked foods, psychological stress, etc.; it may also be related to factors such as tobacco, vinyl chloride, asbestos, and vaccinations.
Is lupus contagious?
Lupus erythematosus is not contagious. The occurrence of lupus erythematosus is related to genetic factors, the levels of sex hormones in the body, and certain environmental factors that the body is exposed to. It is the combined effect of these factors that lowers the body's immune tolerance, causing disorder in immune function, and thus leading to this autoimmune disease. Therefore, unlike diseases caused by various pathogens, it cannot be transmitted from person to person. When normal individuals come into contact with patients, there is no need to fear contagion or to isolate the patients. During the remission and stable phases of the disease, lupus patients can engage in regular work, study, and participate in social activities just like healthy individuals.