What causes lupus erythematosus?

Written by Zhang Lin
Rheumatology and Immunology Nephrology
Updated on September 06, 2024
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The cause of lupus erythematosus is not yet very clear. It is generally believed that the disease is caused by a combination of factors including genetics, environment, estrogen levels, and drugs, leading to immune disorder and consequently the onset of this disease. Studies have found that factors directly related to the onset of lupus erythematosus include ultraviolet rays causing apoptosis of epidermal cells, exposure of new antigens becoming autoantigens, and infections; Other possible related factors include drugs such as hydralazine and isoniazid, as well as food dyes, hair dyes, celery, figs, mushrooms, smoked foods, psychological stress, etc.; it may also be related to factors such as tobacco, vinyl chloride, asbestos, and vaccinations.

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Written by Zhang Lin
Rheumatology and Immunology Nephrology
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Can lupus be cured?

Lupus erythematosus currently has no cure in clinical practice. However, an early diagnosis and treatment can significantly prolong the life expectancy of patients. Compared to the past, with standardized and effective individualized treatments, the 5-year survival rate can reach 95%, and the 10-year survival rate can reach 84%. However, the cause of lupus erythematosus is unclear, and no method can completely cure the disease. It is important to emphasize that there are already some medications available clinically that can alleviate the symptoms, allowing patients to live normal lives and work normally. Additionally, it is crucial not to resort to desperate measures by seeking random treatments or believing in folk remedies and secret family recipes shared by others. Such actions can not only delay proper treatment and waste money but also worsen the condition due to unclear formulations.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
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Symptoms of childhood lupus

Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus generally presents similarly to adults. It is a relatively common systemic autoimmune disease, more commonly seen in girls than boys. It involves multiple autoantibodies primarily including antinuclear antibodies and widespread small arteriole pathology, affecting multiple systems. Clinically, it can manifest with fever, skin lesions, such as butterfly rash on the face, as well as damage to the joints, kidneys, liver, heart, serous membranes, and a reduction in all blood cells. Generally, the ratio of females to males ranges from about 6:1 to 9:1. The prognosis of this disease is generally poor.

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Written by Liu Li Ning
Rheumatology
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Symptoms of lupus cerebritis

Symptoms of lupus cerebritis can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms include migraines, personality changes, memory loss, or mild cognitive impairment. Severe cases may present with cerebrovascular accidents, coma, status epilepticus, and other central nervous system symptoms, including aseptic meningitis, cerebrovascular disease, demyelinating syndrome, headaches, movement disorders, spinal cord disease, epileptic seizures, acute mental confusion, anxiety, cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, and psychiatric disorders. Peripheral nervous system manifestations include Guillain-Barre syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, mononeuritis, myasthenia gravis, cranial nerve disorders, nerve plexus disorders, and polyneuritis.

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Written by Liu Li Ning
Rheumatology
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What does the early rash of lupus look like?

The early characteristic rash of lupus erythematosus is typically a butterfly-shaped rash on the face. Other common presentations include palm and periungual erythema, discoid rash, nodular erythema, and livedo reticularis. If the rash is not notably itchy, it generally indicates lupus erythematosus. If there is significant itching, it may suggest the possibility of an allergic factor active in the disease. After immunosuppression, itchy rashes should be monitored for possible fungal infections. The specific pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus is still unclear. If a patient exhibits the typical butterfly-shaped rash on the face, systemic lupus erythematosus should be highly suspected. Testing for antinuclear antibodies, and specifically for anti-Sm and double-stranded DNA antibodies, which represent a variety of autoantibodies, can diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Written by Zhang Lin
Rheumatology and Immunology Nephrology
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Can lupus be treated without steroids?

Hormones are currently the first choice of drugs for treating lupus erythematosus, and there are no other drugs that can replace them temporarily, so we still recommend using hormones for treatment. Hormones can quickly and effectively suppress the immune response, reducing the damage to the patient's body from the inflammatory substances released during the immune response. This kind of immune-suppressive and anti-inflammatory action is a protective therapeutic effect on the body. Although long-term use of large doses of hormones has certain side effects, it can quickly block the development of the disease and alleviate the condition. The function of hormones cannot be replaced by any other drug at present, so, no matter what stage the lupus erythematosus patients are in and regardless of the type of damage, hormones are the first choice of drugs. Hormones have many side effects, therefore, we need to use hormone drugs for treatment rationally and standardized under the guidance of a doctor, and should not take them arbitrarily to avoid serious consequences.