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Gan Jun
Endocrinology
About me
Associate Chief Physician. Graduated from Wan Nan Medical College Clinical Medical Department in 1997, awarded as attending physician in Endocrinology in 2002, and promoted to Associate Chief Physician in Endocrinology at the end of 2008. Has developed mature diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as management principles for various endocrine acute and chronic diseases including pancreatic, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal diseases, with rich clinical experience.
In 2002, attended the postgraduate program in Endocrinology at Nanjing Medical University, obtained the completion certificate in 2004, independently designed the research project "Study on the Relevance of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Metabolic Syndrome and Early Diabetic Nephropathy" and conducted in-depth research, finally obtaining a Master's Degree in Endocrinology for on-the-job postgraduates in 2007. Undertook a one-year internship at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from July 2005 to July 2006 and obtained a national second-level computer certificate by the end of 2006.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of various endocrine acute and chronic diseases such as pancreatic, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal diseases.
Voices
What are the harms of hyperlipidemia?
Long-term hyperlipidemia can cause a series of serious harms to the human body, including arterial atherosclerosis and acute pancreatitis, among others. It first leads to liver function damage, can induce fatty liver, and even lead to liver cirrhosis. Long-term hyperlipidemia also causes arterial atherosclerosis, followed by the formation of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and other ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. At the same time, hyperlipidemia can also be accompanied by hypertension, making the body's blood vessels more fragile and more likely to suffer from severe diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, for patients with hyperlipidemia, it is essential to control the condition actively through diet, physical exercise, and appropriate medication.
Can thyroid nodules heal themselves?
Thyroid nodules cannot heal on their own, but with appropriate treatment, good recovery can be achieved. Thyroid nodules are a common clinical disease, with many causes. Nodules can be either solitary or multiple, and the incidence of multiple nodules is relatively higher. Regardless of the cause, thyroid nodules are more common in middle-aged women, with the most common symptoms including thyroid enlargement, neck discomfort, and localized thyroid pain. When people are diagnosed with thyroid nodules, there is no need to be overly worried. If the color ultrasound and thyroid function tests show no abnormalities, it is possible to observe the condition dynamically, with a follow-up check about once a year. If there is a high suspicion of malignant nodules, it is advisable to opt for early surgical removal, which typically yields very satisfactory results.
What are the changes in urine output in hyperkalemia?
When patients experience hyperkalemia, urine output generally decreases, leading to reduced potassium excretion by the kidneys, typically accompanied by abnormal kidney function. Thus, as long as kidney function is normal and daily urine output exceeds 500 milliliters, hyperkalemia is usually rare. Some causes of reduced renal potassium excretion include decreased glomerular filtration rates and reduced potassium secretion by the renal tubules, commonly seen in acute and chronic renal failure, adrenal cortex insufficiency, low renin, low aldosterone blood conditions, renal tubular acidosis, and long-term use of diuretics, especially potassium-sparing diuretics. Additionally, β-adrenergic tissue agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can cause drug-induced hyperkalemia, leading to abnormal kidney function and, consequently, decreased potassium excretion by the kidneys, ultimately resulting in reduced urine output.
Early electrocardiogram manifestations of hypokalemia
When hypokalemia occurs in the human body, it produces characteristic manifestations on the electrocardiogram (ECG) known as U waves. These so-called U waves appear as small waves at the tail end of the ST-T segment, often accompanied by a slight depression of the ST-T segment and mild changes in the T wave. If hypokalemia is severe, it can induce supraventricular arrhythmias, including premature ventricular contractions or first-degree atrioventricular block. In very severe cases, it may lead to life-threatening torsades de pointes, a type of ventricular tachycardia. Therefore, monitoring blood potassium levels and timely potassium supplementation are crucial for these patients to protect their health and safety.
Can hypothyroidism in women lead to thyroid cancer?
Women with hypothyroidism generally do not develop thyroid tumors, as there is no necessary correlation between the two. Hypothyroidism is caused by a decrease in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones in the body, leading to a series of symptoms associated with a slowed metabolic rate. The occurrence of hypothyroidism is due to a reduction in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, while thyroid cancer is mainly due to a change in the nature of the thyroid tissue. Decreased thyroid function is caused by an abnormality in thyroid secretion function. Therefore, it is advised that such patients should not worry too much, avoid placing too much mental and psychological stress on themselves, maintain a good daily routine, avoid staying up late, smoking, or drinking alcohol, and regularly review their thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function to dynamically observe the occurrence and development of thyroid diseases.
How to treat vomiting caused by hyperkalemia?
For patients with hyperkalemia, early symptoms include numbness in the limbs, weakness, muscle soreness, and paralysis. As the condition progresses, it can suppress myocardial function, reducing the tension of the myocardium and leading to slow heartbeats, and even cause arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Increased release of acetylcholine can also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and other symptoms. Patients with this condition generally also exhibit symptoms of hyperlipidemia and metabolic acidosis. For mild cases of hyperkalemia, temporary treatment may not be necessary, and symptomatic treatment such as stopping vomiting and drinking water may be sufficient. However, in acute cases, it is recommended that the patient immediately undergo dialysis or receive diuretic injections to rapidly eliminate potassium ions from the body, and to stop consuming foods and medications that contain potassium.
What are the effects of precocious puberty in girls?
Premature sexual development in girls can have significant impacts on their future, with one of the most common issues being effects on height. Premature sexual development can cause bone age to advance much earlier than in peers, which can lead to premature closure of the growth plates and result in a shorter stature. Additionally, it can have profound impacts on the individual's psychological and emotional well-being, leading to issues such as low self-esteem and anxiety. Premature sexual development can also cause early breast development and early menstruation, which may lead to premature romantic relationships and other early maturation behaviors. Therefore, it has a substantial effect on both the physical and mental development of girls. For such patients, it is crucial to detect, diagnose, and treat the condition early.
What should I do if diabetic complications cause blindness from glaucoma?
For neovascular glaucoma caused by diabetes, anti-neovascular drugs can be injected into the vitreous cavity to cause the regression of new blood vessels, thereby achieving the goal of reducing intraocular pressure. If not treated promptly, it can cause permanent closure or adhesion of the angle, and surgery is required for treatment. If the lens swells causing secondary glaucoma, it will lead to the closure of the angle. Surgery is needed to remove the cloudy, swollen lens to achieve a reduction in intraocular pressure. Diabetes is prone to various complications, and it is crucial to pay attention to diet and exercise in the presence of diabetes; meanwhile, it is essential to control medication to maintain blood sugar within the ideal fluctuation range.
What are the symptoms of hypokalemia?
When the body's blood potassium level falls below 3.5 millimoles per liter, it is called hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can cause adverse symptoms in multiple systems of the body, initially causing weakness and fatigue in the limbs, flaccid paralysis, sluggish and absent tendon reflexes, and in severe cases, respiratory difficulty. At the same time, hypokalemia can lead to a series of central nervous system damages, such as apathy, a blank stare, drowsiness, and confusion; it also causes nausea, poor appetite, abdominal distension, and intestinal paralysis among other adverse gastrointestinal phenomena. Additionally, it can lead to palpitations, and rapid atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, among other adverse phenomena. Therefore, it is crucial to provide timely and proper potassium supplementation and correction of blood potassium levels for patients with hypokalemia.
Is it okay not to remove a pheochromocytoma?
For patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, it is recommended that surgical removal is the best option. Pheochromocytoma, also known as an adrenal medullary tumor, originates from the sympathetic ganglia in the adrenal medulla and other related chromaffin tissues. This type of disease can secrete large amounts of catecholamines, causing episodic or persistent hypertension, as well as other related metabolic disorder syndromes. It often presents as potentially fatal hypertension, accompanied by potentially fatal hypotension or even shock, leading to symptoms such as increased heart rate, palpitations, and fear. Patients with pheochromocytoma are advised to undergo timely surgical treatment, as general drug treatments are unable to control or cure the condition.