When patients experience hyperkalemia, urine output generally decreases, leading to reduced potassium excretion by the kidneys, typically accompanied by abnormal kidney function. Thus, as long as kidney function is normal and daily urine output exceeds 500 milliliters, hyperkalemia is usually rare. Some causes of reduced renal potassium excretion include decreased glomerular filtration rates and reduced potassium secretion by the renal tubules, commonly seen in acute and chronic renal failure, adrenal cortex insufficiency, low renin, low aldosterone blood conditions, renal tubular acidosis, and long-term use of diuretics, especially potassium-sparing diuretics. Additionally, β-adrenergic tissue agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can cause drug-induced hyperkalemia, leading to abnormal kidney function and, consequently, decreased potassium excretion by the kidneys, ultimately resulting in reduced urine output.