How to treat vomiting caused by hyperkalemia?

Written by Gan Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on March 18, 2025
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For patients with hyperkalemia, early symptoms include numbness in the limbs, weakness, muscle soreness, and paralysis. As the condition progresses, it can suppress myocardial function, reducing the tension of the myocardium and leading to slow heartbeats, and even cause arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Increased release of acetylcholine can also cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and other symptoms. Patients with this condition generally also exhibit symptoms of hyperlipidemia and metabolic acidosis. For mild cases of hyperkalemia, temporary treatment may not be necessary, and symptomatic treatment such as stopping vomiting and drinking water may be sufficient. However, in acute cases, it is recommended that the patient immediately undergo dialysis or receive diuretic injections to rapidly eliminate potassium ions from the body, and to stop consuming foods and medications that contain potassium.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia

The clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia are not specific. Early symptoms often include numbness in the limbs, sensory abnormalities, extreme fatigue, and muscle pain. In severe cases, there can be difficulties in swallowing, speaking, and breathing, paralysis of the limbs, and tendon reflexes may disappear. The central nervous system may show signs of restlessness, fainting, and confusion. Some may experience a slow heart rate, ventricular fibrillation, and in the most severe cases, it can lead to cardiac arrest. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
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What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?

Mild hyperkalemia can affect muscle tissues, causing mild muscle tremors, while severe hyperkalemia may reduce the excitability of neuromuscular functions, leading to weakness and even flaccid paralysis in the limbs. Hyperkalemia can also impact the heart, mainly resulting in decreased myocardial excitability, decreased myocardial conductivity, and decreased myocardial automaticity. The effects on the electrocardiogram (ECG) primarily manifest as low and widened P waves, widened QS complexes, decreased R waves, and elevated T waves. Regarding myocardial contractility, hyperkalemia mainly causes a decrease in contractility and can lead to metabolic acidosis.

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Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
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What should be noted in the diet for hyperkalemia?

In cases of hyperkalemia, it is important to avoid eating foods high in potassium, such as corn, lettuce, carp, eel, lamb, beef, pork, as well as dates, bananas, and others. These foods are rich in potassium and should be consumed less or not at all. Additionally, a diet high in sugar and fat should be provided, or some intravenous nutrition may be used, to ensure sufficient caloric intake and prevent the release of potassium from metabolic breakdown, which could lead to an increase in blood potassium levels. Also, it is important to avoid certain medications high in potassium, such as traditional Chinese medicines. (Medication use should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
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Hyperkalemia can be seen in which diseases?

Hyperkalemia is a condition where the serum potassium concentration exceeds 5.5 millimoles per liter. Common causes include excessive intake of potassium, such as high-dose potassium penicillin intravenous infusion, ingestion of potassium-containing medications, or transfusion of large amounts of stored blood, all of which can lead to hyperkalemia. Additionally, patients with renal failure who experience oliguria or anuria may have reduced potassium excretion. In such cases, inappropriate potassium supplementation or the use of potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to severe hyperkalemia. Lastly, the movement of potassium from inside the cells—during metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis—causes ion exchange, leading to hydrogen ions entering the cells while potassium ions leak out, resulting in hyperkalemia.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
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What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?

The effects of hyperkalemia on the body mainly include the following aspects: First, the impact on muscle tissue: mild hyperkalemia can cause slight tremors in muscles. If the potassium levels continue to rise, this can lead to decreased neuromuscular excitability, resulting in limbs becoming weak and flaccid, and even leading to delayed paralysis. Second, the impact on the cardiac system: it can cause a decrease in myocardial excitability, conductibility, and automaticity. The electrocardiogram shows a depressed P wave, widened QRS complex, shortened QT interval, and peaked T waves. Third, hyperkalemia affects acid-base balance and can lead to metabolic acidosis during hyperkalemia.