What causes epilepsy relapses?

Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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Epilepsy is a clinical syndrome caused by highly synchronized abnormal discharges of brain neurons due to various reasons. Clinically, it is characterized by episodic, transient, repetitive, and stereotyped manifestations, making recurrence a characteristic of the disease itself. The location of the neurons with abnormal discharges and the range of the abnormal discharge waves vary, leading to different forms of seizure symptoms in patients. These can manifest in various ways, including sensory, motor, consciousness, psychiatric, behavioral, and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions, and may occur simultaneously. Each seizure and each type of seizure process is referred to as an epileptic seizure. Of course, a patient can experience one or several types of epileptic seizures, thus, recurrence is a characteristic of epilepsy itself.

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Written by Wang Xiang Li
Emergency Medicine
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What are the emergency measures for an epileptic seizure?

Epilepsy is a chronic disease characterized by transient brain dysfunction caused by sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons. When a patient has an acute attack, several emergency measures should be taken to prevent injury: 1. During an epileptic seizure, the patient should lie flat, with the head turned to one side or on their side, to keep the airway clear and prevent the inhalation of vomit or secretions into the respiratory tract. 2. Be aware of the surrounding environment to prevent the patient from bumping into tables and chairs, causing secondary injuries. Closely observe the patient's consciousness, breathing, and pulse. 3. Loosen the patient's collar and belt to reduce resistance in the respiratory tract, and place a gauze-wrapped tongue depressor between the teeth to prevent tongue biting and vocalization. 4. Observe whether the patient shows symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and follow medical advice for medication when necessary. Additionally, for persistent epileptic seizures, call emergency services promptly for treatment.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
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Can children's epilepsy be effectively treated?

Can childhood epilepsy be cured? Firstly, it depends on the type of epilepsy. If the symptoms are not very severe, the frequency of convulsions is low, and comprehensive exams such as brain MRI and genetic testing show no problems, and the child's intellectual development is normal, then this type of epilepsy might be curable. Generally, after 2 to 3 years of effective antiepileptic drug treatment and then gradually discontinuing the medication if there are no further seizures, the condition can usually be controlled. However, some types of epilepsy are associated with underlying diseases, such as cerebral palsy, inherent metabolic genetic disorders, poor brain development, or organic brain lesions. The treatment outcomes for these types of epilepsy are not good, and they are generally difficult to control.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
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Precursors to epileptic seizures in children

The majority of childhood epilepsy seizures occur without any precursors, as they arise and cease suddenly with stereotyped movements. However, some seizures are preceded by prodromes, such as sudden onset of consciousness disturbances, or fainting symptoms. Other seizures can present with motor dysfunctions, displaying sudden weakness or fatigue in certain limbs, followed by an epileptic attack. Additionally, some may experience abnormal sensations, such as numbness in a specific area or visual disturbances, including sudden flashes or even visual distortions, leading to convulsive seizures.

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Written by Yuan Jun Li
Neurology
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Do you need to take medication for epilepsy long-term?

Patients with epilepsy are clinically divided into primary and secondary types. Primary epilepsy is mainly treated with medication, and most patients require long-term use of anti-epileptic drugs to control seizures. Some patients can completely control the symptoms of epilepsy with medication; if they are seizure-free for three to five years, it is referred to as clinical cure, and they may discontinue the medication. For patients experiencing primary epilepsy seizures, treatment focuses on the cause of the condition, such as common diseases like cerebrovascular diseases, including cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, brain tumors, encephalitis, brain parasite infections, and cranial trauma. After the primary disease is cured, symptoms of epilepsy may be controlled in these patients. If some patients still experience epilepsy seizures after treatment, they should continue taking long-term oral anti-epileptic drugs to control the seizures.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang
Neurology
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Can epilepsy patients drink water frequently in their daily life?

Patients with epilepsy can often drink water in their daily lives, but they should pay attention to the amount of water they drink and not consume too much at once. Drinking too much water in a short period can lead to increased urination, and an increase in the frequency of urination could potentially trigger a seizure. Additionally, patients should try to reduce their water intake during a seizure episode. Drinking water during a seizure can easily cause choking or even suffocation. Therefore, patients with epilepsy need to pay attention to adjusting their diet and lifestyle. Moreover, patients need to take long-term medication to prevent seizures, including commonly used drugs such as carbamazepine and sodium valproate. In hot weather, patients with epilepsy still need to hydrate appropriately; otherwise, dehydration and low blood pressure can occur, which can also easily trigger a seizure.