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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
Voices
Why does phenylketonuria lead to intellectual disability?
Phenylketonuria is a common amino acid metabolic disease, mainly due to the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, which prevents phenylalanine from being transformed into tyrosine, leading to the accumulation of phenylalanine and its keto acids. Due to the lack of tyrosine in the body, it affects the growth and development of the brain, resulting in intellectual developmental delays. Therefore, children with phenylketonuria often exhibit intellectual disabilities, as well as some psychiatric and neurological symptoms, such as increased muscle tone, restlessness, hyperactivity, abnormal behavior, and heightened excitability.
Why can't people with phenylketonuria eat vitamin C?
Phenylketonuria is a common amino acid metabolic disorder. It primarily occurs because the patient's liver lacks phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to the inability of phenylalanine to convert into tyrosine. This causes phenylalanine to accumulate in large amounts in the body, and it cannot be excreted through urine, presenting some corresponding clinical symptoms. The diet for phenylketonuria mainly involves avoiding high-protein foods, such as dairy, eggs, and soy products. Additionally, spicy, raw, and greasy foods should be avoided as they can negatively impact the health of the child. It is also beneficial to include starch-rich foods in the diet, such as potato starch, vermicelli, pumpkin, and Chinese yam, as these foods are low in phenylalanine and high in carbohydrates. Furthermore, vitamin C can be consumed without restrictions in cases of phenylketonuria, and it should be taken in moderation.
How to guide diet for children with diarrhea
Childhood diarrhea is often an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Therefore, during this process, it is necessary to ensure the diet is light and easy to digest. If the child is breastfed, the mother's diet should also be light and easy to digest, avoiding greasy, spicy, and irritating foods. Meanwhile, if the child is formula-fed, it is recommended to use diarrhea-specific formula. This is because many babies' diarrhea is related to lactose intolerance, poor protein digestion, or milk protein allergies, among other causes. Therefore, if considering these factors, it is advised to feed hydrolyzed protein formula or diarrhea-specific formula, and supplementary foods like thin porridge, noodles, or rice paste can be added. Avoid greasy foods and eggs temporarily.
Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an acute febrile illness caused by an intestinal virus infection. It is primarily characterized by vesicles or papulovesicular rashes on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. There are over 20 types of intestinal viruses that can cause the disease, with the most common being Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71. The main symptoms include recurrent fever, although some cases may not present with fever. There may also be symptoms such as drooling, and vesicles or papulovesicular rashes on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. Additionally, some patients may exhibit lethargy, limb tremors, startle reactions, and vomiting. In severe cases, symptoms can include shortness of breath and coughing up pink frothy sputum, among others.
How to treat a baby's cold in the early stages?
What are the symptoms at the onset of a cold? Generally, at the initial stage of a cold, we definitely experience symptoms such as a runny nose, nasal congestion, low-grade fever, and slight coughing. If it's just a runny nose and nasal congestion, in this case, we can take some antiviral medications, some proprietary Chinese medicines, and also provide some acetaminophen chlorpheniramine granules to relieve these symptoms of runny nose and nasal congestion. If there is a cough, appropriate cough suppressant medication can be taken orally. At the same time, pay attention to body temperature; if there is a fever, fever reduction measures should be taken. If it is a low-grade fever, physical cooling should be the main approach. If the body temperature exceeds 38.5 degrees Celsius, oral ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be administered. Also, pay attention to the child's mental response and other conditions.
Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by what?
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in childhood, consisting of four abnormalities: ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, overriding aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Congenital heart disease generally stems from abnormal cardiovascular development during the fetal period, resulting in a complex vascular malformation. The occurrence of cardiovascular malformations is mainly due to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The causes of congenital heart disease have not been fully clarified yet, but it is important to reinforce prenatal care, especially by actively preventing viral infections early in pregnancy and avoiding certain high-risk factors related to the disease to prevent congenital heart disease in children.
Symptoms of childhood lupus
Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus generally presents similarly to adults. It is a relatively common systemic autoimmune disease, more commonly seen in girls than boys. It involves multiple autoantibodies primarily including antinuclear antibodies and widespread small arteriole pathology, affecting multiple systems. Clinically, it can manifest with fever, skin lesions, such as butterfly rash on the face, as well as damage to the joints, kidneys, liver, heart, serous membranes, and a reduction in all blood cells. Generally, the ratio of females to males ranges from about 6:1 to 9:1. The prognosis of this disease is generally poor.
How to diagnose phenylketonuria?
Phenylketonuria is a treatable hereditary metabolic disease, where our primary goal is early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, a universal newborn screening system has been widely implemented. The standard procedure requires that after three days of breastfeeding, peripheral blood is collected from the newborn's heel, dropped onto specialized blood collection filter paper, and, once dried, sent to a screening laboratory to measure the phenylalanine concentration. If the phenylalanine concentration exceeds the cutoff value, further differential diagnosis and confirmation are conducted. Treatment typically starts two to three weeks after birth, and the prognosis is good. Additionally, diagnostic tests for phenylketonuria include urine ferric chloride, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine tests, urinary purine profile analysis, and tetrahydrobiopterin loading test. Another method is through DNA analysis.
What should be paid attention to regarding breastfeeding for children with roseola?
Roseola infantum, also known as exanthem subitum, is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or type 7. The main clinical manifestation is a sudden high fever that typically resolves after 3 to 5 days, followed by a rash. The rash, usually a skin rash, dissipates after about 2 days. If the child is breastfed, breastfeeding can continue. However, since it is a viral infection causing the fever and rash, the mother should consume a light and easily digestible diet to avoid burdening the baby's gastrointestinal tract. In addition, it is beneficial for the baby to drink plenty of warm water to aid in recovery from the illness.
Pertussis prone age group
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. The main age group affected by this disease are infants and young children, with the highest susceptibility seen in children under five years old, particularly infants younger than one year. The incidence of this disease has significantly decreased due to the widespread implementation of pertussis vaccination. Clinically, the disease is characterized by a cough that gradually worsens, presenting as typical paroxysmal, frequent coughing, and frothy sputum, with a crowing echo in the cough. The course of the disease can last up to three months.