Ovarian cancer stage IC means

Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

Updated on February 01, 2025

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If it is stage Ic ovarian cancer, it refers to the tumor being confined to one or both ovaries, without involvement of other pelvic organs or distant organs such as the liver or lungs. However, it must meet any of the following conditions: the first is the rupture of the capsule with tumor on the surface; the second is the presence of cancer cells in the ascites or peritoneal lavage fluid. Meeting any of these conditions, along with the tumor being limited to one or both ovaries, classifies it as stage Ic.

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Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

1min 50sec

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ovarian cancer specific drug

Ovarian cancer does not have any specific cure-all treatment. Most ovarian cancers are epithelial ovarian cancers, and there is also ovarian cancer resulting from malignant germ cells, which is a rarer pathology type. For epithelial ovarian cancer, treatment methods include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and some targeted therapies, mainly using Bevacizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiogenesis, and is usually used in combination with chemotherapy drugs. For patients with advanced ovarian cancer, those who are resistant to chemotherapy, or those in poor general health unable to endure chemotherapy, palliative treatments like hormone treatment using progestogens are an option, along with immune therapy being available nowadays. Surgery is primarily for early-stage ovarian cancer patients, where curative surgical resection is possible, or for debulking surgery in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy is frequently used as it is relatively effective for epithelial ovarian cancer, a type of cancer that is somewhat sensitive to such treatments. The drugs used mainly include taxane combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. For intravenous administration or intraperitoneal delivery—for the latter, mainly for ovarian cancers complicated by extensive ascites—, positioning an abdominal drainage tube and then infusing platinum-based chemotherapy drugs into the abdominal cavity are utilized.

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Written by Wu Xia

Oncology

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Can ovarian cancer be inherited?

Ovarian cancer, like most tumors, has genetic factors involved in its etiology, but it is not a genetic disease. Only five to ten percent of ovarian cancer patients have a genetic background. More than ninety percent of ovarian cancer cases are sporadic, meaning that if a mother has ovarian cancer, it does not directly inherit to her daughter. However, individuals with a family history of ovarian cancer have a significantly higher risk of developing the disease compared to the general population, especially those who carry mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These gene mutations can be inherited from parents, so individuals carrying these mutations have a significantly higher risk of developing ovarian cancer than the healthy population.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

1min 13sec

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What should be noted about having intercourse after ovarian cancer surgery?

Patients with ovarian cancer can have sexual intercourse after radical surgery or palliative surgery, but there are several precautions to consider: Firstly, it is not advisable to have sexual intercourse too soon after surgery, as early intercourse may lead to poor healing of the surgical site, or cause infections, which are detrimental to the patient's recovery. It is generally recommended to schedule sexual intercourse one or two months after ovarian cancer surgery, and some patients are advised to wait three months. After three months, most patients' physical conditions improve and the incisions heal. In such cases, the likelihood of infection from intercourse is low. Moreover, the frequency of sexual intercourse should not be too frequent or excessive, as it may impact the patient's physical strength or lead to concurrent infections. Furthermore, patients should practice contraception during intercourse after surgery, as pregnancy is not advisable for patients who have undergone radical or palliative surgery for ovarian cancer, since pregnancy can exacerbate the development of the disease.

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Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

1min

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Ovarian cancer pain symptoms

In the early stages of ovarian cancer, the symptoms can be quite hidden, and the patient may not feel any discomfort at all. However, as the tumor grows and ascites develops, the patient typically may experience abdominal bloating, or a palpable mass may be felt in the pelvic or lower abdominal area. At this point, symptoms such as pain in the lower abdomen may occur, especially when there is a substantial amount of ascites, leading to clinical symptoms like abdominal bloating and pain. In even more advanced stages of ovarian cancer, the tumor may invade surrounding pelvic organs, potentially causing partial intestinal obstruction or symptoms of pelvic compression. With conditions like intestinal obstruction, there will be significant abdominal pain, possibly accompanied by vomiting, especially after eating, which can exacerbate the symptoms.

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Oncology

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Early symptoms of ovarian cancer

The early clinical symptoms of ovarian cancer primarily include the following aspects: 1. Discomfort and dull pain in the lower abdomen, with some patients experiencing a sensation of heaviness in the pelvis. Alongside this, patients may also experience poor appetite, nausea, belching, and a feeling of bloating in the stomach. 2. A sensation of abdominal fullness is a clinical manifestation that can appear early in ovarian cancer patients, often caused by cancerous ascites due to the disease. 3. In very few cases, early-stage ovarian cancer patients may feel a mass in the abdomen, typically in leaner patients. 4. Some early-stage patients may experience mild abdominal pain, which generally occurs intermittently and can resolve on its own without the need for medication. 5. Patients may exhibit menstrual irregularities and some endocrine symptoms, such as vaginal bleeding.