How to treat rickets in a 2-year-old baby?

Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
Updated on October 28, 2024
00:00
00:00

Rickets in two-year-old infants is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D leading to a disturbance in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, resulting in abnormal skeletal development. This class of systemic, chronic, nutritional diseases typically manifests in two-year-olds who are able to walk and stand. Due to the force of gravity, lower limb deformities may develop, leading to bowlegs or knock-knees, and possibly even a 'K'-shaped limb deformity. The spine may also develop kyphosis or scoliosis. Around the age of two, it is generally the residual stage of the disease, which often does not require pharmacological treatment. For mild to moderate cases, physical exercise should be enhanced, and active or passive rehabilitation methods should be used to correct skeletal deformities. It is recommended to seek treatment in the pediatric rehabilitation department; severe skeletal deformities may require surgical correction.

Trending Health Topics

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
1min 37sec home-news-image

What is the treatment method for rickets?

Rickets is primarily caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, which results in abnormal skeletal development—a type of systemic nutritional disease. The most common form is nutritional rickets due to a deficiency in nutrients and vitamin D. Treatment focuses on controlling the active phase to prevent relapse of deformities. Therefore, early detection and comprehensive treatment are crucial. The primary treatment method involves supplementing with vitamin D. The choice of vitamin D, the dosage, and the length of treatment generally need to be tailored to the specific circumstances of the child. Additionally, increased exposure to sunlight and appropriate outdoor activities should be encouraged to enhance the absorption of vitamin D. Children should also be supplemented with calcium and a variety of vitamins. Follow-ups during the recovery phase are necessary, and training in sitting, standing, and walking should not be started too early to avoid deformities in the lower limbs. Furthermore, no medication is needed during the residual stage of the disease. For mild to moderate cases, physical exercise should be intensified, and skeletal deformities can be corrected using active or passive exercises. Severe skeletal deformities may require surgical correction.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Yao Li Qin
Pediatrics
1min 38sec home-news-image

Causes of Rickets

Rickets, also known as Vitamin D-deficiency rickets, implies from its name that the cause of the disease is due to insufficient intake of Vitamin D in children, leading to disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and resulting in nutritional disease with skeletal deformities. The incidence of the disease is higher in the north than in the south. Currently, the incidence of mild and moderate rickets is relatively high, while severe cases are less common because people are increasingly paying attention to the supplementation of Vitamin D for children. It is recommended that full-term infants start supplementing with 400 units of Vitamin D daily two weeks after birth, which is the physiological requirement. For premature infants, twins, and extremely low birth weight infants, the daily physiological requirement of supplementation is 800 units per day. After supplementing continuously for three months, it should be adjusted to 400 units per day as per the requirement for full-term infants. With such management, the child will not suffer from rickets. However, if there is no regular supplementation after birth, the lack of Vitamin D can lead to skeletal changes in the child, and once rickets is diagnosed, it requires high doses of supplementation.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
1min 47sec home-news-image

What are the symptoms of rickets?

The condition generally referred to as rickets is most commonly nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets, a type of nutritional disease that is prevalent among infants and young children, particularly very young babies. It primarily manifests as changes in the bones where growth is most rapid and can also affect muscle development and changes in nervous excitability. Initially, especially within the first three months, symptoms in very young infants typically include increased nervous excitability, such as crying easily, excessive head sweating, and as a result of the sweating, frequent head shaking, irritability, restlessness, and noticeable crying and restlessness at night. These symptoms at this stage are not necessarily indicative of typical rickets. As the condition progresses, changes in the skeleton gradually become apparent. In infants under six months with rickets, the changes are mainly in the skull, typically feeling like pressing on a ping-pong ball. After six months of age, the head shape becomes squared or box-like, and the head circumference is larger than normal. Later, the characteristic beading changes of rickets appear, with beaded protrusions above the ribs, followed by the formation of blunt, circular raised areas at the wrists and ankles, referred to as wrist and ankle bracelets. Around the age of one, infants may develop a deformity resembling pigeon chest. As the child begins to stand and walk, the weight bearing on the lower limbs may lead to deformities, such as bowlegs or knock-knees, and sometimes even K-shaped deformities of the legs, and some might develop spinal deformities.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
1min 30sec home-news-image

Nursing Measures for Children with Rickets

Rickets requires relevant home care. During the active phase of rickets, it is best to avoid early sitting, standing, and walking. For chest deformities, prone neck lifting and chest expansion exercises can be performed. For lower limb deformities, muscle massage can be done. For bow legs, massage the outer leg muscles and perform abductive and external rotation exercises after massaging both knee joints. For knock knees, massage the inner muscle group and perform internal rotation exercises after massaging both ankle joints. For posterior protrusion of the lumbar spine, massage the lumbosacral area and frequently lie prone to increase muscle tone, assisting in the recovery of deformities. For mild to moderate bow legs, it may be appropriate to slightly elevate the outside of the shoe by about 0.5 cm. For mild to moderate knock knees, it may be appropriate to slightly elevate the inside of the shoe by about 0.5 cm. Observe for one to three months and adjust the padding height as necessary, which generally can correct the condition. Additionally, children should be exposed to more outdoor sunlight and have a rich nutritional intake, including nutrient-rich proteins and dairy products to aid in recovery from the disease.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
1min 31sec home-news-image

Can rickets be cured?

Can rickets be cured? Rickets, also known as nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets, is primarily caused by insufficient levels of vitamin D in the body leading to disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is a chronic nutritional disease characterized by skeletal lesions. Typically, it manifests as flawed mineralization of long bones and bone tissue at the growth plates. Vitamin D deficiency rickets is a self-limiting disease that can generally be cured if children have sufficient outdoor activities and adequate exposure to sunlight. Adequate sunlight exposure and physiological doses of vitamin D can treat rickets. Therefore, it is usually recommended that children supplement with 400 units of vitamin D starting about two weeks after birth to prevent and treat rickets. However, if the child is in a later stage and shows obvious skeletal deformities, corrective treatment may be necessary. In severe cases of rickets where intracranial lesions occur, it might affect the child's vital signs and, in serious cases, could even lead to the child's death. Therefore, it is advised that children get plenty of sunlight, routinely supplement with vitamin D, and have regular pediatric check-ups to assess their condition.