Subscribe
123
Yao Li Qin
Pediatrics
About me
Practicing physician, graduated from the Department of Pediatrics with a bachelor's degree from university, has been working in pediatric internal medicine for twenty-five years.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in common pediatric diseases such as colds, pneumonia, diarrhea, eczema, neonatal jaundice, infant feeding, and more.
Voices
Clinical Manifestations of Childhood Diarrhea
Childhood diarrhea is caused by multiple pathogens, characterized by an increased frequency and change in the nature of bowel movements. The primary clinical manifestation in children is an increased number of bowel movements. In cases of mild diarrhea, the child may experience some vomiting, then a low fever, pale complexion, with no increase or decrease in weight. Generally, the condition resolves within 3 to 7 days. In cases of severe diarrhea, the frequency of bowel movements can reach more than ten times per day, with a high water content and occasionally mucus. Under these circumstances, the child's appetite is very poor, often accompanied by vomiting and high fever, rapid weight loss, significant emaciation, and visible symptoms of dehydration. In severe cases, complications such as acidosis, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia can occur.
How to treat a cold in children?
Child cold, also known as acute upper respiratory tract infection, is a common disease in children, mainly manifested in inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and throat. It can lead to acute manifestations of rhinitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis in children. The treatment of a child's cold begins with general measures such as ensuring the child rests, drinks plenty of water, and avoids contact with others who have a cold to prevent complications. Symptomatic treatment is also important. For example, antipyretic analgesics can be used when a child has a high fever. If the high fever is accompanied by febrile convulsions, sedatives may be needed to control the convulsions. If nasal congestion is particularly severe, topical medications can be used to reduce congestion. For severe throat pain, throat sprays may be used. Etiological treatment is also necessary, as most colds are caused by a viral infection, so antiviral medications can be used. If the cold is severe and there is a secondary bacterial infection, antibiotics should be used under the guidance of a hospital doctor. If the child has a viral conjunctivitis along with a cold, antiviral eye drops can be used.
What are some medicines for pediatric diarrhea?
Pediatric diarrhea primarily refers to changes in the frequency and characteristics of stool due to various causes. Active treatment is necessary for pediatric diarrhea, starting with infection control as the initial step in pharmacological treatment. If the diarrhea is confirmed to be caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics should be used under the guidance of a hospital physician. Secondly, treatment of the intestinal microecosystem is essential, commonly involving the administration of probiotics to children to help restore the ecological balance of normal intestinal flora, inhibiting the colonization and invasion of various pathogens, thus treating the diarrhea. Additionally, intestinal mucosal protectants, such as commonly used smectite powder, can enhance the barrier functions of the intestine to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from attacking the intestine and intestinal mucosa. Another treatment is anti-secretory therapy, frequently using racemic cadozetrack, along with zinc supplementation. Zinc supplements should be given to children with acute diarrhea to promote the repair of intestinal mucosa and prevent future mucosal damage, which can lead to acute diarrhea.
How can a child recover quickly from a cold?
Children's colds are mostly viral infections, and viral infections can heal themselves. Therefore, when a child catches a cold, we should first let the child rest plenty, drink lots of water, and ensure they get enough sleep. If the child has noticeable cold symptoms, you can give them cold granules for symptomatic treatment of the cold. Also, maintain indoor air humidity, and keep the home temperature appropriate, generally between 18-23℃, with about 60% humidity. Under these conditions, a child's cold can recover quickly. Do not let children in contact with adults who have a cold during their cold period, do not let children play outside, and certainly do not allow children to engage in strenuous activities. (Please follow your doctor's medical advice regarding medicines.)
Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by an intestinal virus infection. It primarily manifests as a disseminated rash of maculopapules or vesicular papules on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. The main symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease start with a fever in children, accompanied by a sore throat, reluctance to eat, and some children may have mild cough and runny nose. During a physical examination, small vesicles can be found on the oral mucosa, or they may have already ulcerated into shallow ulcers. Subsequently, rashes appear on the hands and feet, starting as maculopapules and slowly transforming into vesicular papules, about 3 to 7mm in size, with a firm base. The skin of the vesicle is slightly thicker, surrounded by erythema, and the rash is mostly located at the extremities. Sometimes, it can extend to the arms, legs, buttocks, and perineum, showing a centrifugal distribution. The number of rashes is relatively small, typically ranging from a few to several dozen. Most of them resolve on their own in 2 to 3 days without scaling, scarring, or pigmentation. Vesicles or ulcers in the mouth mostly heal within a week. Most cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease have a short duration and mild condition, with generally good prognosis.
Pediatric intussusception should see which department?
Pediatric intussusception is a surgical condition, so it is of course treated by pediatric surgery. When a child shows persistent crying and abdominal pain, along with bloody stools, there is a high suspicion of intussusception, and they should see a pediatric surgeon. A professional pediatric surgeon will conduct a comprehensive physical examination of the child. If intussusception is suspected, an air enema should be performed under the guidance of X-ray imaging. Once intussusception is confirmed, conservative treatment is initially attempted. If conservative treatment fails, surgical treatment is required. Therefore, based on the above, pediatric intussusception definitely requires consultation with pediatric surgery.
How to treat infantile seborrheic dermatitis?
Infantile seborrheic dermatitis is also a type of eczema, which is a common skin condition in children and is categorized as atopic dermatitis. The treatment principles for seborrheic dermatitis are the same as for other types of eczema: first, the affected skin must be cleaned thoroughly, and then a thick layer of moisturizer should be applied. For severe cases of seborrheic dermatitis, it is recommended to use about 250g of moisturizer per week, so a thick layer should be applied daily to keep the skin moist. Additionally, depending on the situation, medications such as topical creams for treating pediatric eczema, like desonide cream, may be used. In instances where the infantile seborrheic dermatitis has formed a thick, yellow crust, local application of tea oil or olive oil can be helpful. This should be left on the affected area for about an hour before washing off with a shower gel, followed by moisturizing the cleaned area. With the aforementioned treatments, seborrheic dermatitis can generally be well-controlled. Furthermore, infants who consume formula might need amino acid formula or hydrolyzed protein formula depending on the condition. If the child is breastfed, the mother should avoid dairy, meat, nuts, seafood, and alcoholic beverages.
What are the treatment methods for children's dental caries?
If children have dental caries, it is crucial to treat them actively, even if the caries are on primary teeth, timely repair is necessary. Once a child's teeth begin to erupt, it is important to start brushing their teeth and maintaining good oral hygiene. If caries have already developed, take the child to a pediatric dental clinic for tooth repair. This is especially true for the back molars, which, even though they may be replaced at the age of six, still need to be repaired throughout the process. Otherwise, it will affect the eruption and alignment of the permanent teeth later on. Therefore, if children develop dental caries, it is essential to visit a hospital as soon as possible for dental treatment, and once all the molars are in place, fissure sealants should be applied.
Is pediatric nephrotic syndrome contagious?
Pediatric nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased glomerular filtration membrane permeability due to various causes, leading to the loss of a large amount of protein from plasma through urine. Its main manifestations are: 1. Massive proteinuria, which is the most basic pathophysiological change in nephrotic syndrome and a necessary condition for diagnosis. 2. Hypoalbuminemia. 3. Hyperlipidemia. 4. Significant generalized edema. Nephrotic syndrome is not contagious, so pediatric nephrotic syndrome is not infectious. Contact with children with nephrotic syndrome will not result in contracting the syndrome, so parents can be assured on this matter.
What is the cause of a child's diarrhea being watery?
Diarrhea is characterized by an increase in the frequency of a child's bowel movements and a change in the nature of the stool. When children have diarrhea, their stool can be watery, often caused by rotavirus infection resulting in seasonal diarrhea. The stool may resemble egg drop soup and can even be sprayed out. In such cases, it is recommended to administer montmorillonite powder and probiotics to the child, as well as to supplement with oral rehydration salts. For children with moderate to severe dehydration, intravenous rehydration is necessary to correct dehydration. Another scenario involves diarrhea caused by invasive bacterial infections in children, where the stool is also watery. Symptomatic treatment and correction of dehydration are required in such cases. If systemic bacterial infection symptoms are present, antibiotics should be administered under the guidance of a hospital doctor. This is mainly because the bacterial or viral invasion affects the intestinal mucosa, causing changes in osmotic pressure within the intestinal cavity, leading to the occurrence of watery stools. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)