How to diagnose rickets?

Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
Updated on September 01, 2024
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Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, which leads to abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and thus abnormal bone development. Generally, rickets requires biochemical blood tests and vitamin D level assessments, followed by skeletal X-ray examinations. However, some cases of rickets are caused by other special reasons, such as abnormalities in liver and kidney functions, and there may also be congenital genetic diseases. Therefore, rickets also requires further related examinations, such as liver function tests, kidney function tests, and parathyroid hormone tests, and even some genetic level examinations might be conducted.

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Written by Mo Ming Hua
Pediatrics
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Does rickets affect development and intelligence?

Rickets is primarily caused by a deficiency in vitamin D and mainly affects normal growth and development, with very little to no impact on intelligence. In the early stages of rickets, symptoms mainly include irritability, restlessness, and excessive sweating at night. The body primarily exhibits symptoms such as sweating, night terrors, and irritability, with symptoms becoming significantly more pronounced. During this period, the main manifestations are skeletal deformities, which vary in different age groups. For example, there can be softening of the skull, as well as pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, and X-shaped or O-shaped legs. In severe cases, spinal deformities may also occur.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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Which department should I go to for rickets?

Rickets is a nutritional disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and resulting in abnormal bone development. During the early and active stages, the X-ray shows no obvious abnormalities in bone development; it is primarily a conceptual metabolic disorder along with low levels of vitamin D. At this time, it is advisable to consult an endocrinology department. If there are sequelae and mild to moderate sequelae, rehabilitation methods are needed for correction, and at this point, a rehabilitation department should be consulted. If there are severe skeletal deformities, surgical correction may be necessary, and at this time, an orthopedic department should be consulted.

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Written by Tong Peng
Pediatrics
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Will rickets lead to hunchback when grown up?

Rickets generally does not result in hunchback when one grows up, as rickets is a disease caused by a vitamin D deficiency leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. If not cured before development is completed, it often leaves sequelae such as square skull, Harrison's groove, beaded ribs, as well as bow legs, knock knees, and pigeon chest. However, hunchback is mainly caused by developmental deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine, and is not greatly related to a lack of vitamin D. However, it is also important to note that a deficiency in vitamin D can lead to osteoporosis, and if one does not maintain proper posture in daily life, such as bending the back while sitting, standing, or walking and not being able to stand straight, it may eventually lead to pathological curvature of the spine and thoracic vertebrae. Therefore, in daily life, it is still important to be conscious of using one’s lumbar and thoracic spine correctly to avoid developing a hunchback over time.

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Written by Mo Ming Hua
Pediatrics
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If rickets is not treated, what will be the impact?

Rickets, if untreated, mainly involves changes in skeletal deformities and motor function in children. Rickets is primarily caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, which is essential for promoting the absorption of calcium. A deficiency in vitamin D leads to reduced calcium absorption. Lower calcium absorption results in a calcium deficiency in the body, which in turn causes changes in the bones. In the early stages of vitamin D deficiency, the main symptoms are increased neural excitability, which may manifest as startle reactions, irritability, restlessness, and excessive sweating. During the active phase, symptoms of increased nervous system excitability become more pronounced, mainly presenting as skeletal deformities. What aspects do these skeletal deformities affect? One is the softening of the skull, pigeon chest, funnel chest, and changes resembling wristbands and anklets. If the condition worsens further, it can present as X-shaped legs, O-shaped legs, and spinal deformities. Thus, if rickets progresses, it can lead to skeletal deformities and impairments in motor functions, among other issues.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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What department should I go to for rickets?

Rickets, fully known as nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets, is a chronic nutritional disease characterized by skeletal lesions in children caused by insufficient vitamin D leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In the early stages of rickets, the main issues are disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and low levels of vitamin D. At this time, one can consult the endocrinology department to check the child's trace elements. If sequelae have already formed, such as obvious pigeon chest or developmental deformities of the lower limbs bones, then it would be appropriate to consult an orthopedic department for corrective treatment.