The causes of Parkinson's disease

Written by Zhou Yan
Geriatrics
Updated on March 09, 2025
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Parkinson's disease, also known as tremor paralysis, is a common neurodegenerative disorder. The cause of Parkinson's disease is not yet clear, but it may be related to several factors, such as aging, genetics, and environmental factors. Since Parkinson's disease is the result of multiple factors, including abnormal protein aggregation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and excitotoxicity of glutamate, these elements lead to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and a reduction in dopamine neurotransmitters in the striatum. This ultimately results in the patient's bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and resting tremor.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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How is Parkinson's disease cured?

The treatment of Parkinson's disease involves various aspects, and the principle of its treatment is not to aim for complete effectiveness but for prolonged and sustainable management. It is important not to be tempted by temporary symptom improvement and miss out on a sequential treatment that could last for many years. The treatment of Parkinson’s disease mainly includes the following aspects: The first aspect is the care of daily life, which is very important. It is necessary to install some very convenient facilities at home for the patient, such as installing some handles, using some higher chairs, etc., all of which help to improve the quality of life for the patient. The second aspect is pharmacotherapy. According to the patient's condition, appropriate anti-Parkinson's medication is selected, mainly including dopamine receptor agonists, COMT inhibitors, and some levodopa preparations. Adjusting medication is very complex and must be conducted under the guidance of a professional neurologist. In addition, attention should also be paid to the treatment of non-motor symptoms, such as treating the patient's constipation, depression, etc.

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Written by Zhou Yan
Geriatrics
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Does Parkinson's disease cause dizziness?

For patients with Parkinson's disease, the clinical symptoms are mainly divided into two categories: motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. Among the non-motor symptoms, dysfunctions in autonomic nervous regulation can manifest as orthostatic hypotension, which generally occurs in the middle to late stages of Parkinson's disease. The main manifestation is a continuous drop in systolic blood pressure by more than 30mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure by more than 15mmHg within three minutes of the patient moving from a lying or sitting position to a standing position. This can lead to general fatigue, dizziness or light-headedness, slow thinking, and even fainting. Therefore, when patients with Parkinson’s disease experience dizziness, it is important to consider the possibility of orthostatic hypotension.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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What tests are done for Parkinson's disease?

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Many patients report that numerous examinations did not identify a clear cause of the disease, which is typical of this condition due to the lack of very effective diagnostic methods. Patients' symptoms gradually worsen, manifesting as motor slowness, limb tremors, muscle rigidity, and other clinical signs. There are also symptoms such as constipation and dizziness. Generally, the following examinations are recommended for Parkinson's disease: First, complete a cranial MRI scan. The primary purpose of a cranial MRI is to exclude other causes of Parkinson's-like symptoms, such as cerebral thrombosis, brain tumors, or inflammation. Second, perform olfactory tests, as some patients may experience a significant reduction in their sense of smell early on. Third, conduct induced sleep monitoring, since some patients may have prominent sleep disorders. Additionally, it is suggested to perform striatal dopaminergic transporter imaging, a type of DAT scan. Although this scan is quite expensive, it can clearly reflect the function of the striatum.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Is Parkinson's disease hereditary?

Parkinson's disease is mainly divided into two types. One type is familial Parkinson's disease, which definitely has a clear genetic predisposition. This disease is caused by mutations in some genes that lead to disruptions in some internal environments and the accumulation of abnormal proteins, eventually causing the death of neurons. Since the disease is caused by genetic mutations, there is definitely a certain genetic predisposition, and reproductive counseling is necessary to prevent the birth of offspring with Parkinson's disease. Moreover, most cases of Parkinson's disease are sporadic, and these diseases may be related to acquired factors, such as long-term mental stress, excessive pressure, brain trauma, or cerebrovascular diseases in patients, which can all lead to Parkinson's disease. This type of disease is definitely not inherited, so there is no need to worry too much.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Late-stage symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a progressively worsening neurodegenerative disorder of the nervous system, initially manifesting as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and other symptoms. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become increasingly severe. In the later stages, symptoms may include significant postural and gait abnormalities, such as obvious stooping and difficulty starting to walk, a phenomenon known as freezing, and turning around can also be difficult. Additionally, in the late stages, swallowing dysfunction may occur, leading to clinical signs such as coughing while drinking water and articulation disorders. Furthermore, individuals with Parkinson's disease are particularly prone to falling in the later stages due to impaired balance functions.