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Ovarian cancer
Can ovarian cancer that has spread still be cured?
If ovarian cancer has spread, it is generally considered to be at an advanced stage. The treatment for advanced ovarian cancer primarily involves chemotherapy. Epithelial cancer, the most common type of ovarian cancer, is particularly sensitive to chemotherapy. Most patients benefit from chemotherapy. However, once ovarian cancer has spread and is not caught at a very early stage, even with treatments like chemotherapy, it cannot be cured. The purpose of treatment at this stage is to alleviate the patient's pain and extend their survival, but it cannot be cured.
What are the early symptoms of ovarian cancer?
The early symptoms of ovarian cancer are not severe or common clinically. Some patients may experience abdominal distension and pain. Some may have menstrual irregularities, such as prolonged or shortened menstrual cycles, increased menstrual flow, or irregular bleeding outside of menstruation. Additionally, a small number of patients may experience pelvic pain due to local tumor compression caused by ovarian cancer. This pain occasionally radiates to the perineal area and is generally mild, rarely affecting the patient's quality of life. Furthermore, a minor proportion of ovarian cancer patients, particularly those with tumors having endocrine functions, may exhibit symptoms associated with paraneoplastic syndromes.
Will ovarian cancer increase AFP levels?
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive organs, with an incidence rate second only to cervical cancer and endometrial cancer. Epithelial carcinoma is the most common type of malignant ovarian tumor, followed by malignant germ cell tumors, among which ovarian epithelial carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological tumors. In cases of ovarian cancer, an increase in AFP is common, particularly in malignant germ cell tumors. The most common of these is the yolk sac tumor, which has a specific value, as its AFP levels are often significantly elevated.
Early symptoms of ovarian cancer
The early clinical symptoms of ovarian cancer primarily include the following aspects: 1. Discomfort and dull pain in the lower abdomen, with some patients experiencing a sensation of heaviness in the pelvis. Alongside this, patients may also experience poor appetite, nausea, belching, and a feeling of bloating in the stomach. 2. A sensation of abdominal fullness is a clinical manifestation that can appear early in ovarian cancer patients, often caused by cancerous ascites due to the disease. 3. In very few cases, early-stage ovarian cancer patients may feel a mass in the abdomen, typically in leaner patients. 4. Some early-stage patients may experience mild abdominal pain, which generally occurs intermittently and can resolve on its own without the need for medication. 5. Patients may exhibit menstrual irregularities and some endocrine symptoms, such as vaginal bleeding.
Will ovarian cancer recur after complete resection?
After complete removal of ovarian cancer, there is still a possibility of recurrence, especially in patients with high-risk factors. The recurrence rate can be quite high, for example, if there was rupture of the capsule, low differentiation of the pathology, presence of tumor tissue on the surface of the ovary, severe adhesion of the tumor to the surrounding areas, cancer cells found in the abdominal lavage fluid, or presence of vascular tumor thrombus and nerve invasion. Even after total removal, recurrence can still occur.
What are the early symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Patients with ovarian cancer often do not exhibit many symptoms in the early stages, and many do not have obvious symptoms initially. Some patients may experience pelvic pain due to tumor growth early on, primarily located in the bilateral pelvic area, with some experiencing pain that radiates to the perineal area. Some early-stage ovarian cancer patients may experience abnormalities in their menstrual cycle, primarily manifested as irregular menstruation, increased menstrual flow, and the presence of blood clots. Some patients may also experience abnormal vaginal bleeding outside of their menstrual period. In addition, some patients in the early stages may exhibit signs of abnormal hormone secretion. Aside from these, most early-stage ovarian cancer patients do not show obvious symptoms.
What causes ovarian cancer?
The causes of ovarian cancer, and its mechanism of onset, are not yet very clear. Some risk factors that have been relatively well established in relation to the occurrence of ovarian cancer include early menarche, which means starting menstruation at an earlier age, late menopause, and not having a history of pregnancy; these conditions are some of the risk factors for ovarian cancer. Additionally, the occurrence of ovarian cancer is also somewhat related to familial or genetic factors.
Can ovarian cancer be inherited?
Ovarian cancer, like most tumors, has genetic factors involved in its etiology, but it is not a genetic disease. Only five to ten percent of ovarian cancer patients have a genetic background. More than ninety percent of ovarian cancer cases are sporadic, meaning that if a mother has ovarian cancer, it does not directly inherit to her daughter. However, individuals with a family history of ovarian cancer have a significantly higher risk of developing the disease compared to the general population, especially those who carry mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These gene mutations can be inherited from parents, so individuals carrying these mutations have a significantly higher risk of developing ovarian cancer than the healthy population.
What to eat after ovarian cancer surgery
After ovarian cancer surgery, a person’s immune system is relatively weak and they are quite frail. At this time, recuperation is necessary, and careful nursing is essential. The diet should primarily consist of easily digestible, high-energy foods. Patients can eat more fish after ovarian cancer surgery, as fish is high in protein and also easy to digest and absorb. Additionally, it is suitable to eat some fruits like bananas. Moreover, it is important to drink plenty of water. After surgery, ensure at least 2000 milliliters of water intake per day to help expel toxins and prevent constipation.
How long can one live after ovarian cancer recurrence?
If ovarian cancer patients experience a recurrence after surgery and it is a simple local pelvic recurrence without distant organ metastasis, the treatment method involves evaluating whether another surgical resection can be performed by a gynecologist. However, if there is a recurrence combined with extensive pelvic metastasis, or metastasis to multiple organs, the treatment mainly involves chemotherapy. Therefore, how long a patient can live after ovarian cancer recurrence depends on the severity of the recurrence, the patient's physical condition, and the sensitivity to treatment, among other factors. Thus, it cannot be generalized as there is significant individual variation.