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Chronic kidney failure
Is Stage 2 Chronic Kidney Failure serious?
In clinical practice, chronic renal failure is not divided into stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, but chronic kidney disease does have a stage 2. Stage 2 chronic kidney disease refers to a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 60 to 90 milliliters per minute. This stage indicates that the patient's kidney function has already been somewhat impacted since the normal GFR is approximately 100-120 milliliters per minute. Patients in stage 2 of chronic kidney disease may experience certain complications such as hypertension, proteinuria, and electrolyte imbalances, and the condition is considered relatively serious. The azotemic phase of chronic renal failure may correspond to stage 2 of chronic kidney disease, and the condition can be serious, requiring regular follow-ups. Although this stage may not involve severe complications requiring dialysis, it is crucial for patients to pay close attention, undergo regular check-ups and monitoring, address the primary disease, and slow the progression of renal failure.
Can people with chronic renal failure eat mutton?
Patients with chronic kidney failure can eat mutton. Although these patients have reduced ability to excrete metabolic waste due to kidney failure, and the body's metabolic wastes are mainly due to the products of protein metabolism, in reality, patients with chronic kidney failure need to control their protein intake in their diet to avoid excessive protein intake leading to the overproduction of metabolic wastes. This would increase the excretory burden on the kidneys, and protein can also increase the excretion of urinary protein in patients. The daily protein intake for these patients should be controlled at less than 80% of that for normal people, with animal proteins making up more than 50% of this intake. Since mutton is an animal protein, patients with chronic kidney failure can eat mutton, but they should not eat too much.
Chronic renal failure anemia type
Based on indicators such as the size of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin they contain, anemia is generally classified into microcytic hypochromic anemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, or macrocytic anemia. The type of anemia mainly associated with chronic renal failure is normocytic normochromic anemia. This is because the anemia caused by chronic renal failure is primarily due to a decrease in the secretion of erythropoietin by the kidneys, which is a hormone that promotes bone marrow hematopoiesis. When renal failure occurs, the secretion of this hormone decreases, leading to insufficient bone marrow hematopoiesis, resulting in normocytic normochromic anemia in patients. However, a small portion of patients may also have concurrent anemia, exhibiting features of microcytic hypochromic anemia as well.
Factors that exacerbate chronic renal failure
Patients with chronic kidney failure should pay close attention to potential triggers that could worsen kidney failure. Avoiding or managing these triggers is crucial for slowing the progression of chronic kidney failure. Common causes include various factors that lead to renal ischemia and hypoxia, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and heat stroke in the summer. These factors can cause dehydration, leading to ischemia and hypoxia in the kidneys, which is a common scenario for the acute exacerbation of chronic kidney failure. Secondly, obstructions in the urinary system can also contribute to the progression of chronic kidney failure. For example, urinary system stones and benign prostatic hyperplasia in males can cause urinary obstruction, leading to further deterioration of kidney function. Finally, infections, heart failure, and hypercalcemia are also factors that can potentially worsen chronic kidney failure.
How can vomiting be alleviated in chronic renal failure?
There are many reasons why patients with chronic kidney failure experience vomiting. To alleviate vomiting, it is first necessary to clarify the cause of vomiting. Generally, if vomiting is caused by an excess of toxins, dialysis treatment may be needed at this time. If it is due to chronic gastritis, drugs that protect the gastric mucosa are needed. Additionally, if it is due to electrolyte disorders, it is essential to correct the electrolyte disturbance to alleviate the symptoms of vomiting. Furthermore, if the vomiting is caused by an infection leading to gastroenteritis, anti-infection drugs are required. Also, some patients with chronic kidney failure may experience nausea and vomiting due to very high blood pressure, which can lead to increased intracranial pressure; in this case, it is necessary to control the blood pressure and reduce intracranial pressure.
Can people with chronic renal failure drink alcohol?
Patients with chronic renal failure should avoid drinking alcohol, as modern medicine has proven that alcohol is harmful to the human body and only causes damage. It can affect various systems, including the nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and the metabolic system. Although the liver is the primary site for metabolizing alcohol, the byproducts of alcohol metabolism are ultimately excreted through urine, which increases the burden on the kidneys. Therefore, for patients with renal failure, drinking alcohol may lead to further progression of kidney damage. Moreover, when drinking, patients might consume a lot of high-protein and high-fat foods, which are also harmful to those with chronic renal failure.
early symptoms of chronic renal failure
Patients with chronic kidney failure often do not have any specific discomfort or noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, some patients may exhibit clinical signs, such as edema, due to the kidneys' reduced ability to excrete water, or hypoproteinemia, which leads to a decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, resulting in edema in the lower limbs or eyelids, and facial swelling. Patients may also experience visible blood in the urine, increased urinary foam, and chronic kidney failure often accompanies high blood pressure. Such patients may also suffer from mild renal anemia, hyperkalemia, and other clinical manifestations.
What is good to eat for chronic renal failure?
Dietary aspects of chronic kidney failure should be divided into two parts. Firstly, for patients who have not reached the uremic phase and have not undergone dialysis, it is important to maintain a low-salt, low-fat, high-quality low-protein diet, limiting salt intake to no more than three grams per day and avoiding fried and greasy foods. Lower-quality proteins like beans, soybeans, mung beans, etc., should be consumed in smaller quantities. Instead, more animal proteins should be consumed, such as lean meats, eggs, and milk. Once patients have entered the uremic phase and have started dialysis, a low-salt, low-fat, high-quality high-protein diet is necessary, as dialysis requires a significant amount of energy. Additionally, it is crucial to restrict fluid intake; consuming too much salt or water can easily lead to generalized edema and cardiovascular complications.
Precursors of renal failure
The kidneys have a very strong compensatory ability. When kidney function is slightly impaired, many people do not have any uncomfortable symptoms and feel everything is normal. However, if one actively seeks out early signs, it is possible to detect precursors to kidney failure. At this time, if one can go to the hospital in time for routine blood tests, urine tests, and kidney function tests, it is possible to determine if there is kidney failure. The most obvious precursor symptom of kidney failure is usually general fatigue, which many people tend to overlook. This is because there are indeed many reasons that can cause fatigue, especially since many people attribute it to fatigue or stress factors. Additionally, many patients with precursors to kidney failure experience edema, particularly the kind that disappears after rest, so it is especially not taken seriously. Another symptom of kidney failure precursors is a significant increase in the frequency of urination at night, which is also often overlooked.
What is the blood pressure in chronic renal failure?
High blood pressure is a common complication of chronic renal failure, with about 70 to 80 percent of patients experiencing elevated blood pressure. Controlling blood pressure is also an important aspect of the treatment of chronic renal failure. Generally, it is best for such patients to keep their blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg, with systolic pressure below 130 mmHg and diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg. If a patient’s 24-hour urinary protein quantification exceeds 1 gram, the blood pressure control requirements are even more stringent, ideally below 125/75 mmHg. Adequately controlling blood pressure also helps to slow the progression of chronic renal failure.