early symptoms of chronic renal failure

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on May 08, 2025
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Patients with chronic kidney failure often do not have any specific discomfort or noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, some patients may exhibit clinical signs, such as edema, due to the kidneys' reduced ability to excrete water, or hypoproteinemia, which leads to a decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, resulting in edema in the lower limbs or eyelids, and facial swelling. Patients may also experience visible blood in the urine, increased urinary foam, and chronic kidney failure often accompanies high blood pressure. Such patients may also suffer from mild renal anemia, hyperkalemia, and other clinical manifestations.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Nephrology
1min 23sec home-news-image

What is best to eat for chronic renal failure?

Patients with chronic renal failure are advised to adopt a low-salt, low-fat, and high-quality protein diet. For those not undergoing dialysis, protein intake should be strictly controlled to 0.6 to 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. Additionally, patients with stage 3 CKD or above often experience electrolyte disorders, such as hyperkalemia, which can lead to cardiac arrest and arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important to avoid foods high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, dates, kiwis, and tomatoes. Due to the strict protein intake, hypoproteinemia may occur, and these patients are also prone to hyperphosphatemia. It is recommended to choose foods with a low phosphorus to protein ratio, generally those with a ratio below fifteen. After starting dialysis, the same principles apply, but protein intake can be slightly increased, as some protein is lost during both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The protein intake can be adjusted to 1.0 to 1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, while still controlling phosphorus and potassium intake.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
42sec home-news-image

early symptoms of chronic renal failure

Patients with chronic kidney failure often do not have any specific discomfort or noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, some patients may exhibit clinical signs, such as edema, due to the kidneys' reduced ability to excrete water, or hypoproteinemia, which leads to a decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, resulting in edema in the lower limbs or eyelids, and facial swelling. Patients may also experience visible blood in the urine, increased urinary foam, and chronic kidney failure often accompanies high blood pressure. Such patients may also suffer from mild renal anemia, hyperkalemia, and other clinical manifestations.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
1min home-news-image

What medicine is used for chronic renal failure?

The treatment of chronic renal failure primarily requires identifying the cause and treating it accordingly. Chronic renal failure refers to the state in which various diseases damage the kidneys, leading to the destruction of kidney tissue and resulting in the kidneys' inability to adequately excrete metabolic waste, causing an accumulation of such wastes in the body. There are no medications that can directly affect the kidneys, regenerate kidney tissue, and restore kidney function. Currently, medicine cannot achieve this, and there are no specific drugs for the treatment. Therefore, the treatment of chronic renal failure focuses on treating the primary disease to slow the progression of renal failure. For example, chronic renal failure caused by diabetes necessitates the use of insulin to control blood sugar, while patients with hypertension need to use antihypertensive drugs.

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Written by Wu Ji
Nephrology
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Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Failure

The clinical symptoms of chronic renal failure mainly include symptoms related to disturbances in electrolyte and acid-base balance, as well as symptoms of metabolic disorders of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. There are also manifestations in various organ systems, including the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, hematologic system, neuromuscular system, endocrine system, and bone lesions. Metabolic acidosis is common; patients may also exhibit water and sodium retention or hypovolemia and hyponatremia. Potassium metabolism disorders are often characterized by hyperkalemia, while disturbances in phosphorus and calcium metabolism are mainly manifested as hyperphosphatemia and calcium deficiency. Patients may also show cardiovascular manifestations, primarily hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and uremic cardiomyopathy. Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients may include loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, renal anemia and a tendency to bleed are common, and skeletal changes are quite frequent, leading to malnutrition of bones, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Is stage five chronic kidney failure serious?

Strictly speaking, there is no condition called "chronic renal failure stage five," but there is a term "chronic kidney disease stage five." Chronic kidney disease is divided into five stages based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Stage five chronic kidney disease indicates that the patient's GFR is less than 15 milliliters per minute, which is about 15% of normal kidney function and is essentially equivalent to uremia. Therefore, chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease stage five is very dangerous and can cause many complications. Moreover, this type of kidney failure is irreversible and incurable, and the patient may need to undergo dialysis or a kidney transplant.