Can thyroid cysts grow larger?

Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
Updated on May 26, 2025
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Some thyroid cysts can grow larger. A thyroid cyst refers to a fluid-filled sac found in the thyroid gland, typically round in shape with a diameter ranging from two to five centimeters. Generally, these cysts are painless or only mildly painful. Most are solitary nodules, though a few are found in multiple nodules. Thyroid cysts are not an independent disease; they can result from simple goiter, nodular goiter, or degenerative changes in thyroid adenomas. Some cysts may also form due to thyroid cancer, through processes like hemorrhaging and necrosis. At least 4% of the population can feel thyroid nodules larger than one centimeter, and about 5% to 20% of these nodules are cystic. Particularly when individual nodules exceed four centimeters in diameter, thyroid cysts have a 4% to 5% rate of malignancy. Therefore, it is possible for thyroid cysts to grow larger.

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Written by Chen Xie
Endocrinology
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Do thyroid cysts require medication?

Patients with thyroid cysts who have normal thyroid function do not need oral medication treatment; they only need regular monitoring of thyroid function and thyroid ultrasound. However, patients with thyroid cysts accompanied by hyperthyroidism need to be treated for hyperthyroidism, either with oral medication, iodine-131, or surgery. When thyroid cysts are accompanied by hypothyroidism, oral hormone replacement treatment is also required to bring the thyroid function back to normal levels. Therefore, whether patients with thyroid cysts need medication depends on the results of their thyroid function tests.

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Written by Chen Xie
Endocrinology
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What foods are good for thyroid cysts?

For patients with thyroid cysts, it is necessary to check their thyroid function to understand their condition. For patients with hyperthyroidism, it is advised to avoid iodine-rich foods, such as seaweed, kelp, and seafood. However, patients with thyroid cysts are suggested to eat more foods that can enhance the immune system, such as shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, walnuts, Chinese yam, and red dates. They can also eat some foods that help reduce nodules and swelling, such as spinach, mustard greens, and kiwifruit. Patients with thyroid cysts are advised to quit smoking and drinking, and avoid spicy and stimulating foods, such as chili peppers, Sichuan peppercorns, and onions. Additionally, they should avoid eating overly greasy foods.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Is a thyroid cyst serious if it becomes malignant?

Thyroid cysts are generally benign lesions, so their malignancy rate is not high, and they generally do not become malignant. Thyroid cysts can be solitary or multiple, and usually grow slowly without any clinical symptoms. Routine monitoring is mainly based on color Doppler ultrasound to observe changes in the cysts. If the cyst shows calcification of the cyst wall or rapid growth, attention should be given to whether there are other changes or internal bleeding within the cyst. Timely surgical treatment can lead to a very good prognosis.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Where to massage for a thyroid cyst?

Thyroid cysts refer to fluid-filled sacs that appear in the thyroid gland. The current mechanisms of their development are not very clear and may be related to iodine metabolism, sex hormones, regional factors, dietary habits, and family history. Therefore, massaging will not provide any relief for thyroid cysts. Moreover, when the cysts are relatively large, massaging the affected area may induce the risk of bleeding from the thyroid cysts. Hence, if you have thyroid cysts, do not blindly resort to massage, as it not only lacks benefits but could also potentially lead to the rupture or enlargement of the cysts.

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Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
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Are thyroid cysts contagious?

Thyroid cysts are not contagious. They are fluid-filled sacs within the thyroid gland, usually presenting as a single nodule, although in some cases multiple nodules can occur. Typically, thyroid cysts are asymptomatic unless the cyst becomes large or bleeds internally. In such cases, symptoms such as pain, difficulty swallowing, breathing difficulties, and a hoarse voice may occur. Thyroid cysts are considered a local endemic disease primarily caused by iodine deficiency, leading to thyroid hyperplasia and enlargement. Thyroid cysts represent a degenerative change. Therefore, thyroid cysts are not contagious.