Can thyroid nodules be treated?

Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
Updated on December 30, 2024
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It depends on the situation. For some patients, we can evaluate whether thyroid nodules are accompanied by changes in thyroid function. If there is an overactive thyroid, antithyroid treatment is necessary. If there is underactive thyroid function, appropriate thyroid hormone supplementation is needed, and some patients' nodules can shrink. Additionally, for some thyroid nodules, if there are no accompanying changes in thyroid function, and the nodules are assessed as benign through ultrasound and other evaluations, no special treatment is generally needed. It is recommended to monitor thyroid ultrasound and function every six months to a year. Furthermore, if some thyroid nodules grow rapidly or there is a potential for cancerous changes, or if there are significant compressive symptoms, we can also perform a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid cells, or surgical treatment. Therefore, whether thyroid nodules can be treated also depends on the situation.

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Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
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Thyroid nodule surgery risks

The hazards of thyroid surgery actually refer to the risks involved in thyroid surgery. Thyroid surgery is now a common treatment method. The main risks of thyroid surgery include anesthesia on one hand, and postoperative bleeding on the other. There might be a need for a second incision for decompression. The most common complications are choking while drinking water and hoarseness of voice, mainly due to the involvement or damage to relevant nerves during the surgery. Generally, these complications resolve after a period of adjustment, and most people can recover normally.

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Written by Lin Xiang Dong
Endocrinology
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Where to do acupuncture for thyroid nodules?

Thyroid nodules do not require acupuncture treatment. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, with only a small portion, about 5%, being malignant. We generally determine the treatment approach based on whether the nodule is benign or malignant. For benign nodules, we typically follow up with observation, while malignant nodules require surgical treatment and oral medication, or Iodine-131 radiotherapy. The primary evaluation for distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules relies on the results of color Doppler ultrasound and the pathology results from thyroid fine-needle aspiration.

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Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
1min 9sec home-news-image

Can thyroid nodules be treated?

It depends on the situation. For some patients, we can evaluate whether thyroid nodules are accompanied by changes in thyroid function. If there is an overactive thyroid, antithyroid treatment is necessary. If there is underactive thyroid function, appropriate thyroid hormone supplementation is needed, and some patients' nodules can shrink. Additionally, for some thyroid nodules, if there are no accompanying changes in thyroid function, and the nodules are assessed as benign through ultrasound and other evaluations, no special treatment is generally needed. It is recommended to monitor thyroid ultrasound and function every six months to a year. Furthermore, if some thyroid nodules grow rapidly or there is a potential for cancerous changes, or if there are significant compressive symptoms, we can also perform a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid cells, or surgical treatment. Therefore, whether thyroid nodules can be treated also depends on the situation.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo
Nephrology and Endocrinology
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Effects after thyroid nodule removal

Thyroid surgery often leads to postoperative bleeding as a common complication. Bleeding may compress the trachea, causing difficulty in breathing. If a patient exhibits severe breathing difficulties along with significant bleeding from the drainage tube post-surgery, emergency hemostasis should be performed. Secondly, tracheomalacia. Long-term compression from the mass softens the tracheal wall, leading to a collapse due to inadequate support from surrounding tissues. Thus, after removing thyroid nodules, the thyroid and adjacent tissues fail to support the softened trachea, resulting in breathing difficulties. Thirdly, pharyngeal edema. During surgery, inflammatory stimulation can cause edema in the surrounding tissues, which may lead to difficulty in breathing. Therefore, after ruling out possibilities of postoperative bleeding, tracheomalacia, or vocal cord paralysis, pharyngeal edema should be considered. Nebulization therapy can be administered. Fourthly, vocal cord paralysis is common due to accidental damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery, causing hoarseness. Generally, patients may gradually recover over three to six months, and symptoms can improve. The fifth effect is damage to the parathyroid glands. If the parathyroid glands are damaged, it may lead to abnormal blood calcium levels and symptoms of hypocalcemia, such as tetany and spasms. Most cases are due to vascular damage to the parathyroid glands resulting in temporary hypofunction, which often recovers shortly. The sixth possible outcome is a thyroid storm. Some patients with hyperthyroidism may experience a sudden release of large amounts of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream post-surgery, causing high fever, irregular heart rate, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, coma, and even death. The seventh effect is that removal of the thyroid gland leads to a deficiency in thyroid hormones, resulting in symptoms of hypothyroidism.

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How to treat thyroid nodules calcification.

The treatment of thyroid nodule calcification in clinical practice is based on the size of the calcification lesions. Because large calcified thyroid nodules have a very small possibility of malignancy, the routine clinical approach is to continue observation and perform cytological examination through thyroid fine-needle aspiration. For small calcified thyroid nodules, which have a higher likelihood of malignancy, active surgical treatment is usually adopted. During surgery, the next steps of the treatment plan are determined based on the pathological findings.