Thyroid nodule surgery risks

Written by Zhang Peng

General Surgery

Updated on February 05, 2025

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The hazards of thyroid surgery actually refer to the risks involved in thyroid surgery. Thyroid surgery is now a common treatment method. The main risks of thyroid surgery include anesthesia on one hand, and postoperative bleeding on the other. There might be a need for a second incision for decompression. The most common complications are choking while drinking water and hoarseness of voice, mainly due to the involvement or damage to relevant nerves during the surgery. Generally, these complications resolve after a period of adjustment, and most people can recover normally.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo

Nephrology and Endocrinology

46sec

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How to treat thyroid nodules?

Clinically, if a thyroid nodule is confirmed to be a benign tumor, generally speaking, if thyroid function is normal and the nodule is not large, urgent treatment is not necessary, and regular follow-up is sufficient. If the thyroid nodule significantly enlarges, causing compression of the trachea or nerves, surgery should be considered. Furthermore, for ectopic growth of thyroid tissue behind the sternum, surgical removal is also considered necessary. Another scenario that requires special mention is if a thyroid nodule grows rapidly in a short period and ultrasound suggests calcification or bleeding within the cyst, thyroid cancer should be suspected. In this case, it's advisable to have the nodule surgically removed.

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Written by Li Jin Quan

General Surgery

53sec

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Is thyroid nodule calcification scary?

Thyroid nodule calcification is a common disease of the human thyroid gland. When seeing thyroid nodule calcification, we should not be afraid. Thyroid nodule calcification refers to the dense proliferation of thyroid cells, which, during an ultrasound examination, appears as strong spots, specks, or rings on the thyroid. Thyroid nodule calcification can be divided into coarse calcification and microcalcification. Generally, coarse calcification is benign, and we can continue to observe it. If it is microcalcification, we can conduct a pathological examination. If it is malignant, surgical treatment can be performed; if it is benign, we can continue to observe. Therefore, thyroid nodule calcification is not something to be afraid of.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo

Nephrology and Endocrinology

1min 25sec

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Differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules

Generally speaking, whether benign or malignant, thyroid nodules show blood flow signals. For benign nodules, blood flow signals can be seen around the perimeter, with internal blood flow no different from normal thyroid tissue. In such cases, the nodules are typically diagnosed as thyroid adenomas, and they usually appear round or oval in shape with a uniformly echoic internal substance. If liquefaction occurs, mixed or cystic changes can appear; the tumor’s capsule tends to be intact, with clear boundaries. If a nodule has abundant internal blood flow with disorganized vessel distribution and high flow velocity, showing a high-resistance flow pattern, and has relatively less peripheral blood flow, it generally needs to be assessed for thyroid cancer. These nodules are often hypoechoic with irregular shapes, and the ratio of their longitudinal to transverse diameter is greater than 1. They have unclear boundaries, lack a capsule, and have no halo. In typical cases, microcalcifications like sand grains can also be observed. From the above analysis, we can see that the blood flow signals in thyroid nodules are complicated and reflect the extent of the nodular pathology. These signals can help in differentiating benign from malignant nodules, but when a rich and disorganized blood flow is observed, the nodule is more likely to be malignant.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo

Nephrology and Endocrinology

33sec

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Does thyroid nodule puncture hurt?

Fine needle aspiration is an invasive examination, but it is currently an important and most efficient method for assessing benign and malignant conditions, generally conducted under ultrasound guidance. Thyroid nodule aspiration does not cause much pain, similar to that of an injection. Anesthetics are used during the procedure, so the pain is not very noticeable. However, as the effect of the anesthetic wears off, there may still be some pain at the puncture site, but the patients do not need to carry a heavy psychological burden.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo

Nephrology and Endocrinology

1min 16sec

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Are thyroid nodules serious?

The severity of thyroid nodules needs to be assessed based on their nature, size, function, and location. Generally, they can be classified into benign and malignant, with malignant nodules being thyroid cancer, which requires timely treatment. Surgical treatment is the main method for treating thyroid cancer, whereas most benign nodules do not require special handling. Regarding the size of the thyroid nodules, if the nodules are too large and compress surrounding tissues such as the trachea, esophagus, and nerves, surgical treatment is recommended. For common benign nodules, regular observation is sufficient. Functionally, some thyroid nodules may affect thyroid function, such as in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which can present with diffuse multiple nodules, leading to either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. In such cases, appropriate medication treatment is needed. From a positional perspective, ectopic growth of thyroid nodules, if located at areas like the base of the ear, pharynx, neck, esophagus, or thoracic cavity, is a rare congenital developmental anomaly. If such a nodule significantly enlarges and compresses surrounding tissues, surgical treatment is advised.