"Malignant thyroid nodules" means what?

Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on November 23, 2024
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Thyroid nodules are assessed under ultrasound with a grading system, and if rated at level three or higher, they tend to be more likely to be malignant. The most common malignancy in thyroid nodules is thyroid cancer. Among all types of tumors, thyroid cancer tends to grow slowly and is relatively less malignant. Therefore, if an ultrasound suggests a high likelihood of malignancy in a thyroid nodule, further examinations should be conducted. This can include a fine needle aspiration biopsy, thyroid contrast-enhanced ultrasound, or even direct surgical removal of the malignant nodule for further pathological examination to determine whether it is benign or malignant. Since the degree of malignancy of thyroid nodules is relatively low compared to other malignant tumors, a high grading score on a thyroid nodule should not be overly worrying. It is advisable to proceed with formal medical checks and regular follow-ups, as the five-year survival rate is quite high, exceeding 80%.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo
Nephrology and Endocrinology
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How to treat thyroid nodules?

Clinically, if a thyroid nodule is confirmed to be a benign tumor, generally speaking, if thyroid function is normal and the nodule is not large, urgent treatment is not necessary, and regular follow-up is sufficient. If the thyroid nodule significantly enlarges, causing compression of the trachea or nerves, surgery should be considered. Furthermore, for ectopic growth of thyroid tissue behind the sternum, surgical removal is also considered necessary. Another scenario that requires special mention is if a thyroid nodule grows rapidly in a short period and ultrasound suggests calcification or bleeding within the cyst, thyroid cancer should be suspected. In this case, it's advisable to have the nodule surgically removed.

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Written by Lin Xiang Dong
Endocrinology
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Where to do acupuncture for thyroid nodules?

Thyroid nodules do not require acupuncture treatment. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, with only a small portion, about 5%, being malignant. We generally determine the treatment approach based on whether the nodule is benign or malignant. For benign nodules, we typically follow up with observation, while malignant nodules require surgical treatment and oral medication, or Iodine-131 radiotherapy. The primary evaluation for distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules relies on the results of color Doppler ultrasound and the pathology results from thyroid fine-needle aspiration.

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Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
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How to treat thyroid nodules calcification.

The treatment of thyroid nodule calcification in clinical practice is based on the size of the calcification lesions. Because large calcified thyroid nodules have a very small possibility of malignancy, the routine clinical approach is to continue observation and perform cytological examination through thyroid fine-needle aspiration. For small calcified thyroid nodules, which have a higher likelihood of malignancy, active surgical treatment is usually adopted. During surgery, the next steps of the treatment plan are determined based on the pathological findings.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo
Nephrology and Endocrinology
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Do thyroid nodules affect pregnancy?

This decision should be based on the nature of the thyroid nodules. If the thyroid nodule is benign, pregnancy generally will not be affected, and it is possible to conceive. However, if the patient has malignant thyroid nodules, I would advise against rushing into pregnancy. Firstly, prioritize treating the malignant thyroid nodules promptly. If you become pregnant during this time, the risks associated with surgery and medications for both the pregnant mother and the fetus are very high. Nevertheless, after receiving timely and standardized treatment and once the patient's condition has stabilized, it is possible to conceive. However, it should be noted that surgery may lead to reduced thyroid function. In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus relies on the mother for thyroid hormone supply. If the mother's thyroid hormone levels are too low, it can lead to delayed fetal development, and even abnormal brain development, resulting in a baby born with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, women with a history of thyroid disease should develop a treatment plan under the joint collaboration of an endocrinologist and an obstetrician-gynecologist.

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Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
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Thyroid nodule surgery risks

The hazards of thyroid surgery actually refer to the risks involved in thyroid surgery. Thyroid surgery is now a common treatment method. The main risks of thyroid surgery include anesthesia on one hand, and postoperative bleeding on the other. There might be a need for a second incision for decompression. The most common complications are choking while drinking water and hoarseness of voice, mainly due to the involvement or damage to relevant nerves during the surgery. Generally, these complications resolve after a period of adjustment, and most people can recover normally.