The difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Written by Li Jie
Orthopedics
Updated on September 02, 2024
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In everyday life, many patients confuse osteoarthritis with rheumatoid arthritis, but these two diseases are indeed very distinct. Generally speaking, osteoarthritis is mostly caused by hyperplastic arthritis due to trauma or, in some cases, osteoarthritis resulting from overuse,

The characteristic of osteoarthritic pain is that it is related to activity. The more a joint affected by arthritis moves, and the greater the overuse, the more severe the pain becomes. When resting, the pain in that joint will decrease,

However, rheumatoid arthritis is different and has clear distinctions from osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the small joints of the limbs, usually occurs symmetrically, and rarely affects only one limb. Once it occurs, it generally affects other parts too, appearing in both hands or both feet. These small joints are usually the first to be affected, with symptoms presenting symmetrically, and there is significant morning stiffness; that is, joints are stiff in the morning,

Furthermore, rheumatoid arthritis can cause pain at rest or pain during inactivity, and nocturnal pain does not necessarily correlate with activity. Sometimes, pain may intensify after rest or during the night, and sometimes, physical activity may actually alleviate the pain. Thus, this symptom is a primary distinguishing feature from osteoarthritis. Understanding these points, the differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can basically be mastered.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?

The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis mainly falls into three categories: The first category includes anti-inflammatory and pain-relief medications, which are further divided into non-steroidal pain-relief drugs and low-dose corticosteroids. For rheumatoid arthritis, the most crucial treatment involves the choice of the second category: slow-acting drugs. Common drugs used in treating the key aspects of rheumatoid arthritis include immunosuppressants such as methotrexate and leflunomide. If the patient does not respond well to the above two conventional treatments, a third option that can be considered is treatment with biological agents. Commonly used biological agents include tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Before using biological agents, it is necessary to strictly rule out hepatitis, tuberculosis, and neoplastic diseases. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor)

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Written by Liu Li Ning
Rheumatology
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How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?

The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is divided into general treatment and pharmacological treatment. General treatment mainly involves avoiding overexertion, having a light diet, and not staying up late. Pharmacological treatment is mainly divided into treatment during the acute flare-up phase and the remission phase. The acute phase focuses on anti-inflammatory and pain relief treatments, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as the first choice, such as etoricoxib, meloxicam, or celecoxib. If the effect is not satisfactory, low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be combined. In the remission phase, slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs are preferred, such as methotrexate, leflunomide, or sulfasalazine. If the slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs are not effective, biologic agents such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists or JAK inhibitors may be combined.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Does rheumatoid arthritis hurt?

Rheumatoid arthritis damages joints and bones, displaying as symmetrical polyarthritis. It is an autoimmune disease and a chronic condition that cannot be cured but can only be managed through medication to control disease progression. The primary symptoms include symmetrical pain and swelling in multiple joints, particularly in both wrists, therefore it is invariably associated with pain. Some individuals may also experience joint swelling accompanied by morning stiffness, fatigue, low fever, and weight loss. The onset of the disease is generally slow, although a few cases may have a sudden onset. It can also affect specific joints, such as the cervical spine, shoulder joints, and hip joints.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?

Rheumatoid arthritis examinations include blood tests and imaging studies. The blood tests include complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, anti-streptococcal antibodies, ANA, anti-CCP antibodies, and anti-AKA antibodies. Imaging studies involve X-ray examinations of the hand joints. If the patient has significant increases in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, positive CCP and AKA antibodies, and the X-rays show bone destruction, then rheumatoid arthritis can be considered as a diagnosis.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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What medicine is taken for rheumatoid arthritis?

The medication for rheumatoid arthritis mainly falls into three categories, The first category is the choice of anti-inflammatory and pain relief medications, which mainly includes two types: non-steroidal analgesics and low doses of corticosteroids. If the patient's pain symptoms are mild, non-steroidal analgesics can be opted for. However, if the patient's pain symptoms are more severe, and there is significant liver or kidney damage, or concurrent interstitial lung disease, then the use of low doses of corticosteroids should be considered. The second and most important category is the choice of immunosuppressants, which include drugs like methotrexate and leflunomide. The third category is the treatment with biologic agents. (Medication should be administered under the guidance of a doctor)