What are the initial symptoms of epilepsy?

Written by Liu Shi Xiang
Neurology
Updated on June 15, 2025
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The initial symptoms of epilepsy mainly manifest as localized neurological symptoms, including sudden weakness of one limb, numbness, or sudden loss of consciousness, limb convulsions, upward staring of the eyes, incontinence, and more. Therefore, when patients exhibit the above symptoms, the possibility of epilepsy should be considered. It is essential for patients to visit the neurology department of a hospital promptly to undergo examinations such as video EEG, dynamic EEG, and MRI of the head to confirm the diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, appropriate medications should be administered promptly to terminate the epileptic episodes. When a patient experiences a major epileptic seizure, medications such as diazepam and sodium valproate should be administered to stop the seizure and prevent the development of a continuous epileptic state. Additionally, patients should regularly take anti-epileptic drugs as part of their treatment. Common medications include levetiracetam, carbamazepine, and gabapentin.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang
Neurology
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Can epilepsy patients drink water frequently in their daily life?

Patients with epilepsy can often drink water in their daily lives, but they should avoid drinking water during the acute phase of a seizure to prevent aspiration. Patients with epilepsy generally need to take anti-epileptic drugs for a long time to prevent seizures, such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, etc. Drinking water frequently does not affect the patient's condition. Moreover, drinking water frequently helps to dilute the viscosity in the blood and lower blood lipids, thereby preventing cerebral vascular accidents. In addition to drinking water, patients with epilepsy can also eat more fruits and vegetables, which contain abundant vitamins and trace elements that nourish nerve cells. Furthermore, patients with epilepsy should avoid climbing heights and coming into contact with dangerous environments such as ponds and lakesides.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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What are the symptoms of epilepsy in children?

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder caused by various etiologies, characterized by repetitive, episodic, and transient central nervous system dysfunction due to abnormal and excessively synchronized discharges of brain neurons. The clinical manifestations of childhood epilepsy are complex and varied, commonly including loss of consciousness, localized or generalized muscular rigidity or clonic convulsions, and sensory abnormalities; there may also be abnormal behaviors, emotional and perceptual disturbances, memory changes, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang
Neurology
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What are the initial symptoms of sleep-related epilepsy?

The initial symptoms of sleep-related epilepsy mainly include sudden opening of the eyes and panic symptoms at the onset of sleep. A few patients may exhibit aggressive behavior towards others, and some may experience movement disorders and abnormal muscle tone. For these patients, it is necessary to promptly receive examinations and treatment in neurology. Diagnostic methods mainly include video EEG, ambulatory EEG, cranial CT, and MRI, among others. Once diagnosed, timely intervention should be provided. For some patients, if it is the first seizure and not frequent, interventions through lifestyle and sleep adjustments can be implemented without immediately resorting to medication. If these adjustments are ineffective or if the patient frequently experiences seizures, appropriate medications should be administered in a timely manner, including drugs such as sodium valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and levetiracetam, among others. (Medication should be taken under the guidance of a doctor)

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Written by Tang Li Li
Neurology
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What causes epilepsy in the elderly?

If a patient has no history of epilepsy but begins to experience epileptic seizures in old age, it is generally secondary epilepsy, also known as symptomatic epilepsy. All patients should have a clear cause, but with current diagnostic techniques, it is not always possible to find the cause. If the cause cannot be identified, it is called cryptogenic epilepsy. In such cases, it is generally necessary to improve diagnostic methods, such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cranial magnetic resonance angiography. The most common causes of epilepsy in the elderly are generally cerebrovascular disease, brain trauma, or encephalitis, and in some cases, brain tumors. Any disease that causes brain cell damage can potentially cause symptomatic epileptic seizures. If all imaging examinations fail to reveal any abnormalities, regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor for early-stage tumors that may not be detectable on imaging tests. Meanwhile, antiepileptic treatment should be administered, and routine blood tests, liver, and kidney functions should be regularly monitored.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
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What is childhood epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a persistent brain disease characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, abnormal perceptions, and associated neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social issues. An epileptic seizure refers to sudden, brief symptoms and signs caused by excessive and abnormal discharges of brain neurons. Depending on the affected brain functional areas, clinical manifestations can vary, including disturbances in consciousness, motor functions, sensory abnormalities, as well as psychiatric and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. It is important to note that epileptic seizures and epilepsy are two distinct concepts.