What is childhood epilepsy?

Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

Updated on September 04, 2024

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Epilepsy is a persistent brain disease characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, abnormal perceptions, and associated neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social issues. An epileptic seizure refers to sudden, brief symptoms and signs caused by excessive and abnormal discharges of brain neurons. Depending on the affected brain functional areas, clinical manifestations can vary, including disturbances in consciousness, motor functions, sensory abnormalities, as well as psychiatric and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. It is important to note that epileptic seizures and epilepsy are two distinct concepts.

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Written by Tang Li Li

Neurology

1min 23sec

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What causes epilepsy in the elderly?

If a patient has no history of epilepsy but begins to experience epileptic seizures in old age, it is generally secondary epilepsy, also known as symptomatic epilepsy. All patients should have a clear cause, but with current diagnostic techniques, it is not always possible to find the cause. If the cause cannot be identified, it is called cryptogenic epilepsy. In such cases, it is generally necessary to improve diagnostic methods, such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cranial magnetic resonance angiography. The most common causes of epilepsy in the elderly are generally cerebrovascular disease, brain trauma, or encephalitis, and in some cases, brain tumors. Any disease that causes brain cell damage can potentially cause symptomatic epileptic seizures. If all imaging examinations fail to reveal any abnormalities, regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor for early-stage tumors that may not be detectable on imaging tests. Meanwhile, antiepileptic treatment should be administered, and routine blood tests, liver, and kidney functions should be regularly monitored.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang

Neurology

1min

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What are the prodromal symptoms of epilepsy?

The prodromal symptoms of epilepsy are diverse, generally involving movement, sensation, and mood. Some patients may experience transient numbness or weakness on one side of their body prior to a seizure, while others may have hallucinations and atypical mental or behavioral changes. However, these symptoms are not necessarily indicative of an impending seizure. When such symptoms occur, it is crucial to consider the possibility of an epilepsy attack, and patients should promptly visit the neurology department of a hospital for a thorough examination, including an electroencephalogram (EEG). If the EEG shows significant abnormalities such as spikes, sharp waves, slow waves, spike-and-wave complexes, or sharp-and-slow wave complexes, it suggests the potential for an epileptic seizure. In such cases, preventive medication should be administered promptly, such as carbamazepine or sodium valproate.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang

Neurology

58sec

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Can mild epilepsy be treated?

Mild epilepsy is treatable. If the patient is experiencing their first seizure or if the seizures are infrequent, it’s generally appropriate to observe clinically and not rush to use anti-epileptic drugs. Such patients typically experience only very mild neurological symptoms during a seizure, such as limb weakness, numbness, or facial droop. However, if the patient's seizures occur frequently, it is necessary to control the symptoms with anti-epileptic medications, which often include drugs such as levetiracetam, gabapentin, sodium valproate, and lamotrigine. Patients with mild epilepsy should also work on strengthening their exercise routines, maintaining a calm mind, and getting sufficient sleep to help prevent seizures to a certain extent. If the patient's condition worsens or becomes intractable epilepsy, surgical treatment methods may be considered to control the symptoms.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang

Neurology

55sec

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Can epilepsy patients drink water frequently in their daily life?

Patients with epilepsy can often drink water in their daily lives, but they should pay attention to the amount of water they drink and not consume too much at once. Drinking too much water in a short period can lead to increased urination, and an increase in the frequency of urination could potentially trigger a seizure. Additionally, patients should try to reduce their water intake during a seizure episode. Drinking water during a seizure can easily cause choking or even suffocation. Therefore, patients with epilepsy need to pay attention to adjusting their diet and lifestyle. Moreover, patients need to take long-term medication to prevent seizures, including commonly used drugs such as carbamazepine and sodium valproate. In hot weather, patients with epilepsy still need to hydrate appropriately; otherwise, dehydration and low blood pressure can occur, which can also easily trigger a seizure.

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Written by Tang Bo

Neurology

1min 4sec

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What is epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a common disease in neurology and includes many types, generally including primary epilepsy and secondary epilepsy. Primary epilepsy refers to cases where the cause is unknown, while secondary epilepsy has a clear cause. Common causes include developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex, tumors, and cerebrovascular diseases, traumatic brain injuries, and central nervous system infections, including encephalitis, meningitis. Cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction can also induce epilepsy. Additionally, certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as motor neuron disease and late-stage Parkinson's disease can also trigger epileptic seizures. Patients with ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy and toxic encephalopathy may also experience epileptic seizures, and some systemic diseases may also lead to epileptic seizures.