What is childhood epilepsy?

Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
Updated on September 04, 2024
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Epilepsy is a persistent brain disease characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, abnormal perceptions, and associated neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social issues. An epileptic seizure refers to sudden, brief symptoms and signs caused by excessive and abnormal discharges of brain neurons. Depending on the affected brain functional areas, clinical manifestations can vary, including disturbances in consciousness, motor functions, sensory abnormalities, as well as psychiatric and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. It is important to note that epileptic seizures and epilepsy are two distinct concepts.

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What are the symptoms of epilepsy in children?

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder caused by various etiologies, characterized by repetitive, episodic, and transient central nervous system dysfunction due to abnormal and excessively synchronized discharges of brain neurons. The clinical manifestations of childhood epilepsy are complex and varied, commonly including loss of consciousness, localized or generalized muscular rigidity or clonic convulsions, and sensory abnormalities; there may also be abnormal behaviors, emotional and perceptual disturbances, memory changes, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

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incidence of epilepsy in children

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, with the highest incidence in children under the age of one. The prevalence of epilepsy in China ranges from 0.4% to 0.7%, with nine million epilepsy patients, of which six million have active epilepsy. Every day, there are 400,000 new cases of epilepsy, with a prevalence of up to 1% among those aged sixteen and under. There are many children with epilepsy, experiencing various types of seizures, each with its own characteristics, but all share the features of sudden onset, abrupt cessation, and periodicity.

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What precautions should epilepsy patients take?

Patients with epilepsy should pay attention to establishing regular daily routines and avoid staying up late. They should not participate in potentially dangerous activities such as climbing or swimming. Also, they should minimize consumption of stimulating beverages like cola, Sprite, Red Bull, and coffee. It is advisable to eat more vegetables and fruits and reduce the intake of spicy and stimulating foods. Maintaining a regular life schedule is important, and playing electronic devices or using mobile phones for extended periods should be avoided. All sorts of exciting situations can easily trigger an epileptic seizure, so it is crucial to eat regularly without becoming too hungry or too full. Moreover, taking anti-epileptic drugs regularly and following medical guidance from doctors at the hospital is necessary.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
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What are the symptoms of epilepsy in children?

The typical symptoms of childhood epilepsy include sudden loss of consciousness, followed initially by tonic and then clonic convulsions, often accompanied by screaming, cyanotic facial complexion, frothing or bleeding at the mouth, dilated pupils, generally lasting 40 seconds or up to 15 minutes. The convulsive seizure stops naturally, followed by a state of coma. Of course, some affected children also display varying degrees of consciousness disorders, evident disruptions in thinking, perception, emotion, and psychomotor functions, and may show signs of conditions like somnambulism and noctambulism, among other automatisms.

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What causes epilepsy?

The causes of epilepsy mainly include some congenital factors, such as pathological changes during pregnancy or childbirth, which can lead to the occurrence of epilepsy in children. In adults, epilepsy is generally secondary to severe head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, intracranial tumors, encephalitis, etc. Therefore, for patients with epilepsy, it is first necessary to actively remove various inducements and then to treat according to the type of epileptic seizures. Epilepsy mainly includes generalized seizures and partial seizures. Patients with generalized epileptic seizures can take medications such as sodium valproate and diazepam for treatment. Patients with partial epileptic seizures can take medications such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, and levetiracetam for treatment. Generally, the symptoms of epilepsy can be effectively controlled after patients follow a standardized medication treatment regimen.