What are the early symptoms of epilepsy in children?

Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
Updated on September 25, 2024
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Epilepsy is a particularly common chronic disease in life. If the brain is underdeveloped and there are neurological disorders, it can cause epilepsy. What are the early symptoms of childhood epilepsy? The manifestations of a child's epileptic seizure are diverse, but all have the characteristics of sudden onset, sudden cessation, and periodic attacks. Common types in children include major seizures, absence minor seizures, and benign childhood epilepsy. During a major seizure, the child suddenly loses consciousness, breathing stops, the complexion turns cyanotic, the pupils dilate, the limbs stiffen, and the hands clench into fists, then switching to paroxysmal convulsions, foaming at the mouth, with the attack generally lasting 1-5 minutes. Children with absence seizures appear to suddenly lose consciousness, stop their activities, and stare upward or roll their eyes, but they do not fall down or convulse, lasting 1-10 seconds, with consciousness quickly recovering after the attack. Benign childhood epilepsy seizures often involve twitching of one side of the face, lips, and tongue, possibly accompanied by abnormal sensations in those areas, inability to speak, and drooling, typically with clear consciousness, and more frequently occurring at night.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
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What is childhood epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a persistent brain disease characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, abnormal perceptions, and associated neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social issues. An epileptic seizure refers to sudden, brief symptoms and signs caused by excessive and abnormal discharges of brain neurons. Depending on the affected brain functional areas, clinical manifestations can vary, including disturbances in consciousness, motor functions, sensory abnormalities, as well as psychiatric and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. It is important to note that epileptic seizures and epilepsy are two distinct concepts.

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Written by Yuan Jun Li
Neurology
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What are the signs before the onset of epilepsy?

Before the onset of epilepsy, most patients do not exhibit any signs and can suddenly experience an epileptic seizure. Different types of epilepsy have different symptoms. For example, during a major seizure, symptoms can include limb twitching, eyes rolling upwards, frothing at the mouth, clenched teeth, loss of consciousness, and abnormal blood pressure, which can lead to severe falls and injuries. During a minor seizure, the patient mainly shows transient loss of consciousness, objects in hand may suddenly drop, unresponsiveness when called, and a vacant stare. Most patients do not fall, and the symptoms generally last for only a few seconds to tens of seconds. If autonomic epileptic seizures are considered, symptoms may include nausea and vomiting. Psychotic symptom seizures can present with hallucinations and delusions.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang
Neurology
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What to do if epilepsy occurs multiple times?

If epilepsy occurs multiple times, it is necessary to control the patient's seizures with effective medication. For example, patients with grand mal seizures need to be given diazepam and phenobarbital in a timely manner to stop the seizures. In addition, patients also need to take long-term oral medications such as lamotrigine and sodium valproate to prevent the occurrence of epilepsy. If it is a partial seizure, patients need to take medications such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, and pregabalin long-term to prevent seizures. For patients with intractable epilepsy that responds poorly to medication, surgical treatment can also be used to control the symptoms of epilepsy. Moreover, in their daily lives, patients need to adopt good dietary and lifestyle habits to avoid various triggers that may cause repeated seizures. For instance, patients need to ensure sufficient and good quality sleep, maintain a calm mindset, and also abstain from smoking and drinking. Only by doing so can the repeated occurrences of epilepsy be effectively prevented.

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Written by Liu Shi Xiang
Neurology
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What are the initial symptoms of sleep-related epilepsy?

The initial symptoms of sleep-related epilepsy mainly include sudden opening of the eyes and panic symptoms at the onset of sleep. A few patients may exhibit aggressive behavior towards others, and some may experience movement disorders and abnormal muscle tone. For these patients, it is necessary to promptly receive examinations and treatment in neurology. Diagnostic methods mainly include video EEG, ambulatory EEG, cranial CT, and MRI, among others. Once diagnosed, timely intervention should be provided. For some patients, if it is the first seizure and not frequent, interventions through lifestyle and sleep adjustments can be implemented without immediately resorting to medication. If these adjustments are ineffective or if the patient frequently experiences seizures, appropriate medications should be administered in a timely manner, including drugs such as sodium valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and levetiracetam, among others. (Medication should be taken under the guidance of a doctor)

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Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
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Is epilepsy easy to treat?

Epilepsy is a disease for which the cause can be identified in some patients, while in others it may remain unknown. Initially, it is important to investigate the cause of epilepsy. Moreover, if an individual experiences multiple seizures, medication intervention becomes necessary. The primary goal of drug treatment for epilepsy is to control it and prevent further seizures, since each seizure can cause brain cell damage, potentially leading to long-term effects like memory decline and slower reaction times. Therefore, active control of epilepsy through medication is crucial. Whether epilepsy can be completely cured depends on its underlying cause. In some cases, identifying and eliminating the cause may prevent further seizures. However, for some patients, even if the cause is identified, such as a past stroke or tumors that induce epilepsy, seizures may continue even after the tumor is removed. Meanwhile, for epilepsy of unknown origins, the approach is to control the condition using medication to minimize the occurrence of seizures as much as possible, though it is not guaranteed that seizures will not happen again in the future.