How long should hand, foot, and mouth disease be isolated?

Written by Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
Updated on September 26, 2024
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Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus infection. There are more than 20 common types of enteroviruses, with Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 being the most common. The main clinical symptoms include fever, mouth pain, loss of appetite, and small blisters or ulcers on the hands, feet, and mouth. Most affected children can heal on their own in about a week, so ordinary cases can be isolated for about a week until all the rashes have crusted over and disappeared. However, for severe cases, the isolation period should be extended appropriately, possibly lasting 10-14 days, or even longer.

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Symptoms of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Children

The symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children primarily result from viral infections of the intestine, a common communicable disease particularly prevalent among children under five, especially those under three years of age. The symptoms can be categorized into typical cases where most children experience a sudden onset of illness, often accompanied by upper respiratory tract infection symptoms such as fever, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Some may also experience headaches. Additionally, rashes or vesicles may appear on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks, typically surrounded by inflammatory red skin with little fluid inside the vesicles. These lesions are characterized by being painless, non-itchy, non-crusted, and non-scarring. It is important to note that not all children will have simultaneous rashes on their hands, feet, and mouth areas. In severe cases, while most children experience only mild symptoms and can be isolated at home, some may develop complications involving the nervous system and impairment of respiratory and circulatory functions. This can manifest as muscle spasms, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, cardiopulmonary failure, and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Therefore, once a severe case is identified, hospitalization is recommended to prevent potential fatalities or long-term sequelae.

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How to disinfect hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is an acute infectious disease caused by a viral infection. It mainly spreads through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and close contact. Being in contact with a carrier or a child with the disease can result in transmission. It is important to properly handle the infected child's feces and other excretions. Clothes can be soaked in a 3% bleach solution and exposed to sunlight. Keep the room well-ventilated. Other contaminated daily items, such as toys or closely contacted objects like dishware and children's eating utensils, should be disinfected promptly.

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Is hand, foot, and mouth disease contagious?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a contagious disease caused by an infection of enteroviruses. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that cause the disease, with Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 being the most common. The main clinical manifestations of this disease include blisters on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. Some patients may experience fever, while others may have no fever or only a mild fever. The disease is contagious and primarily transmitted through contact. For example, it can be spread through saliva, droplets, hand-to-mouth contact, and contact with the secretions from the blisters, among other methods.

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Is hand, foot, and mouth disease serious?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a contagious viral infection primarily characterized by scattered vesicular or papular rashes on the hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks. It is generally a mild condition, and typical symptoms include fever and rash. It can be treated with oral medications and by taking care of oral and skin hygiene, usually healing quickly. Severe cases caused by the EV71 virus can lead to varying degrees of intracranial pressure. In such serious cases, prompt treatment with mannitol and furosemide to reduce intracranial pressure is necessary; corticosteroids may also be needed if required. For children with severe hypoxia, timely correction of oxygen deficiency is crucial, along with intravenous fluids to maintain stable blood pressure, respiration, heart rate, and microcirculation. (Please consult a professional physician for medication guidance and do not self-medicate.)

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Prevention of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common contagious exanthematous disease in pediatrics, caused by a viral infection with a certain epidemic nature. Its main modes of transmission include respiratory, digestive tracts, and close contact. During the epidemic, usually in the summer and autumn seasons, it is recommended that parents avoid taking children to public places. If a suspected case is found, timely isolation should be carried out, and close contacts should be quarantined for 7-10 days. Additionally, it's important to maintain good personal hygiene, such as washing hands before eating and after using the toilet, and to keep indoor ventilation in the home. If a child has been in contact with an infection or a suspected case of hand, foot, and mouth disease, it is crucial to monitor the child for any discomfort and check their temperature regularly. If the child feels unwell, take them to the hospital for treatment promptly.