We discuss the causes and mechanisms of infertility in Chinese medicine, which are mainly due to kidney deficiency, liver stagnation, blood stasis, and obstruction by phlegm and dampness. Chinese medicine treatment is a powerful method for infertility. For many cases of unexplained infertility or situations where there is a chance to conceive but no conception has occurred, Chinese medicine treatments focus on nourishing kidney energy, enhancing essence and blood, nurturing the Conception and Governing vessels, and regulating menstruation. Through syndrome differentiation and treatment, we warm those who are cold in the womb, warm those with a cold spleen and stomach, relax those with urgent Conception vessel pulse, open up those with congested liver qi, resolve those with abundant phlegm, calm those with excessive liver fire, supplement those with weakened kidney water, remove disorders of the Conception and Governing vessels, assist kidney energy in those with dysfunctional bladder qi transformation, and enhance qi and blood in those who cannot conceive due to deficiency, thereby enabling women without children to have children. Thus, Chinese medicine is indeed very effective for infertility.