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Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
About me
I graduated from Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and have been working in the field of obstetrics and gynecology for over 20 years. I have attended advanced training programs at higher level hospitals and have published multiple national-level papers.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the treatment of common gynecological diseases, infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
Voices
What to do about breast pain before menstruation?
Under normal circumstances, if there is also breast swelling and pain usually, it is essential to go to the hospital for an ultrasound to check if there is breast hyperplasia or any organic breast diseases. If organic diseases are excluded, premenstrual breast swelling and pain are generally considered clinically, and traditional Chinese medicine believes that the liver meridian accumulates in the breast. For example, patients who are prone to anger or have liver depression and qi stagnation may experience premenstrual breast swelling and pain. At this time, treatment can generally involve taking some liver-soothing and depression-relieving medicine, such as Xiao Yao Wan, Ru Ning tablets, and other medicines for symptomatic treatment. Occasional one or two instances are not a big problem, but if premenstrual breast swelling and pain occur frequently, it is definitely necessary to take medicine for symptomatic treatment, as this condition is generally related to liver meridian and liver depression qi stagnation.
How is an ovarian teratoma caused?
The majority of the causes of ovarian teratomas stem from embryonic development, generally due to congenital factors leading to the formation of ovarian teratomas. A well-developed teratoma forms a complete teratoma, while poor development results in an incomplete teratoma, which typically exhibits a higher degree of malignancy. Most teratomas are benign tumors, with only a very small percentage showing tendencies to become malignant. Therefore, it is crucial for patients with teratomas to seek surgery at a hospital as soon as possible, and post-surgery, the removed tissue should be re-examined pathologically to check for any abnormalities. Hence, patients with ovarian teratomas must actively seek medical treatment at a hospital and, after recovery, prevent recurrence by undergoing regular medical check-ups annually, thus ensuring proactive treatment for those with teratomas.
Can infertility have menstruation?
There are many causes of infertility. Normally, if a couple has been married for a year without using contraception and does not have a child, they are generally diagnosed with infertility. Infertility patients can develop from causes such as hormonal imbalances, which might lead to menstrual disorders and lack of normal ovulation, resulting in infertility. Infections like mycoplasma and chlamydia can also cause infertility, as can immune issues, abnormal ovulation, or problems with the fallopian tubes. However, infertility does not necessarily mean an absence of menstruation. Some patients may have normal menstrual cycles and ovulation. The reason for infertility in such cases might be due to blocked fallopian tubes or other hormonal issues. Therefore, whether an infertility patient has menstruation can vary; some may have a normal menstrual cycle, while others may not.
Endometrial cancer B-ultrasound manifestations
Normally, the endometrium has a certain thickness. Patients with endometrial cancer usually show thickening of the endometrium, accompanied by irregular bleeding and abdominal pain. In severe cases, patients may experience excessive discharge from the half-vagina, accompanied by a fishy and foul odor. Typically, in cases of endometrial cancer, an ultrasound can reveal thickening of the endometrium and abnormal endometrial echoes, and some patients may show significant blood flow signals around the area according to reports. These signs generally suggest a high likelihood of endometrial cancer. The diagnosis of endometrial cancer typically involves undergoing a diagnostic curettage at the hospital. The tissue scrapped during this procedure is sent for pathology. Afterward, based on the pathology results, the type and nature of the endometrial cancer are determined. Therefore, the presence of endometrial cancer can generally be inferred from an ultrasound as well.
Is cervical polyp serious?
Cervical polyps are not serious, and the majority of them are caused by chronic cervical inflammation. Cervical polyps can generally be removed in an outpatient setting at a hospital, and the removed polyp should be sent for pathology. The vast majority of these polyps are benign, with only a very small minority having the potential to become malignant. Therefore, having cervical polyps is generally not a serious issue. The polyps can be removed and appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment can be administered thereafter. Most cervical polyps are not problematic. If there is any concern, one can also undergo cervical cancer screening, which generally involves a TCT (ThinPrep Cytologic Test) and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) virus testing. These tests help identify the presence of cervical cancer and its precursors. If the cervical cancer screening shows no issues, and it's simply a case of cervical canal polyps, it is not serious, and removal can be performed in an outpatient setting in the hospital.
What are the tests for infertility?
For infertility examinations, men typically undergo a routine semen analysis to check for any abnormalities. If there are abnormalities in the semen analysis, further testing might be needed for conditions such as varicocele or inflammation of the testicles and epididymis. For women, the examinations generally focus on the fallopian tubes to ensure they are patent, usually assessed through hysterosalpingography or a tubal patency test. Additionally, infertility tests include an ultrasound to monitor the follicles and check for any organic diseases in the uterus and ovaries. For women with menstrual irregularities, it's crucial to perform an endocrine test, specifically the six-item sex hormone check, as normal hormonal levels are necessary for regular menstruation and ovulation, and for the normal development of a fertilized egg. Other investigations for infertility might cover immune-related infertility among others, which require specific hospital tests. Moreover, if there has been a previous incidence of miscarriage, tests might include chromosomal analysis, tests for hemolysis, mycoplasma testing, and a set of tests for genetic counseling, all of which are part of the infertility examination process.
How long will it take for bleeding from a cervical polyp to stop?
Cervical polyps generally cause bloody discharge or light bleeding after intercourse. Such bleeding usually does not last long. Therefore, cervical polyps generally require a hospital visit for outpatient surgery to remove the polyps. After the removal, pathology tests are generally conducted and if there are no issues, it is usually not a big concern. Having cervical polyps generally does not cause prolonged bleeding. If irregular bleeding occurs, further examination such as endocrine testing at the hospital is necessary. Additionally, cervical cancer screening should be conducted. It is essential to identify the cause of the irregular bleeding and then treat accordingly based on the examination results. Isolated cervical polyps will not cause heavy bleeding; they only cause light bleeding after intercourse or bloody discharge, which is minor bleeding.
What should I do if I have irregular menstruation and infertility?
If menstrual irregularities lead to infertility, the first step is to go to the hospital for an endocrine test. Menstrual irregularities generally indicate a dysfunction in ovarian function. At this time, you can go to the hospital for a blood test, which should be done on the second to fifth day of the menstrual period. It is important to fast before the blood test. After the blood test, treatment should be based on the results. Generally, patients with menstrual irregularities experience ovulation disorders or ovarian secretion dysfunction, causing abnormal hormone levels in the body, which are not conducive to egg implantation and development. Therefore, if menstrual irregularities lead to infertility, it is essential to undergo relevant medical examinations at the hospital and then treat based on the findings. Moreover, if you have been trying to conceive for over a year without success, be sure to undergo other infertility tests.
Does taking contraceptive pills cause infertility?
Contraceptives are categorized into short-acting, long-acting, or emergency contraceptives. Commonly, long-acting contraceptives, such as those taken orally once a month, have significant side effects. Prolonged use can lead to menstrual irregularities, facial pigmentation, hyperpigmentation, and amenorrhea. Therefore, long-term use of long-acting contraceptives may result in decreased ovarian function, leading to infertility. Generally, emergency contraceptives and short-acting contraceptives have relatively minor side effects. Occasional use does not have a significant impact, but prolonged use can cause menstrual disorders and hormonal imbalances, which in turn can lead to infertility. Thus, contraceptives are not suitable for everyone, and it is not recommended for women who have never given birth to use oral contraceptives for contraception.
Symptoms of cervical cancer
The most typical early symptom of cervical cancer is usually contact bleeding during intercourse. Clinically, once contact bleeding occurs, it is essential to go to the hospital for cervical cancer screening as soon as possible, generally involving a cervical TCT and HPV test. These two tests can initially screen for the presence of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. If it has progressed to the stage of cervical cancer, there may be a large amount of vaginal discharge with a foul smell, and severe cases can have symptoms like bleeding and abdominal pain. Therefore, patients with cervical cancer must undergo relevant cervical examinations at the hospital. If it is indeed cervical cancer, treatment options should be selected based on the stage of the disease to treat the symptoms accordingly. Hence, if there is any irregular vaginal bleeding, it is critical to go to the hospital for the relevant cancer screening.