What are the early symptoms of rickets?

Written by Tong Peng
Pediatrics
Updated on December 15, 2024
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The early symptoms of rickets are mainly due to the inadequate intake of vitamin D in children, leading to disturbances in the body's calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Early signs usually appear around three months of age in infants, characterized by changes in mental state, restless sleep, frequent crying, and excessive sweating. Increased sweating is often accompanied by cradle cap, where circular bald patches appear on the back of the head. In such cases, it is important to include vitamin D-rich foods in the diet and supplement with vitamin D. Continued breastfeeding, engaging in outdoor activities, and exposure to sunlight are recommended to promote the body’s own synthesis of vitamin D. Regular physical examinations are also advised, and if symptoms of rickets occur, an appropriate increase in vitamin D intake may be necessary.

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Neonatology
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How to diagnose rickets?

Rickets is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, which leads to abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and thus abnormal bone development. Generally, rickets requires biochemical blood tests and vitamin D level assessments, followed by skeletal X-ray examinations. However, some cases of rickets are caused by other special reasons, such as abnormalities in liver and kidney functions, and there may also be congenital genetic diseases. Therefore, rickets also requires further related examinations, such as liver function tests, kidney function tests, and parathyroid hormone tests, and even some genetic level examinations might be conducted.

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Written by Yao Li Qin
Pediatrics
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Clinical manifestations of rickets

Rickets, also known as vitamin D deficiency rickets, occurs because children do not supplement vitamin D in a timely manner after birth, leading to a deficiency of vitamin D in the body and resulting in a nutritional metabolic disease primarily involving skeletal changes. In the early stages, children mainly show symptoms related to mental and emotional state, such as irritability, crying, excessive sweating, shaking their heads back and forth, and rubbing their heads. Subsequently, symptoms like bald patches on the back of the head and softening of the skull bones may appear. As children grow, they may develop conditions such as a square-shaped skull, beaded ribs, pigeon chest, funnel chest, and bracelet-like deformities around the wrists and ankles. In severe cases, children may later develop X-shaped legs and O-shaped legs. If rickets is suspected, it is crucial to promptly conduct a blood test to measure the vitamin D level. If the level is below normal, it is essential to actively treat the diagnosed rickets.

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Will rickets heal on its own if not treated?

Children with rickets only need timely supplementation of vitamin D or calcium, should be taken out to get more sunlight daily, and an increase in nutrition is sufficient; special treatment is not necessary. Furthermore, the main symptoms of rickets in children include night terrors, excessive sweating, and the balding of the pillow area. Rickets can also cause children to become irritable and cry frequently. In severe cases, it may lead to bone deformities. Parents can take their child to undergo a trace element test to identify the specific cause of the disease, and then promptly supplement the child with food or medicine to alleviate rickets.

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Written by Dong Xian Yan
Pediatrics
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How to correct skeletal deformities in rickets?

The treatment of skeletal deformities due to rickets primarily targets the underlying disease, utilizing high doses of vitamin D supplementation. Mild skeletal deformities can recover spontaneously after treatment or correct themselves during a child's growth. The deformed or painful areas must be immobilized until the medication takes significant effect, which could take weeks or months. For moderate cases of bowlegs or knock-knees, small splints can be used for nighttime immobilization, and massage can be used for correction. For severe cases of bowlegs or knock-knees, patients can wear specially made orthopedic shoes. Permanent deformities may be corrected later through osteotomy.

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Written by Li Jiao Yan
Neonatology
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Rickets is a disease characterized by the softening and weakening of bones in children, typically due to inadequate vitamin D.

Rickets is a disease, and its full name is Nutritional Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets. It is caused by a lack of vitamin D in children, leading to a disorder in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. It is a chronic nutritional disease characterized by bone lesions. Its typical manifestation is incomplete mineralization of the growing long bone ends and bone tissue. The symptoms include abnormal development of the bones. Generally, without timely and effective intervention, it may lead to conditions such as pigeon chest, or S-shaped or O-shaped legs, which can seriously affect the child's life later on.