Pectus excavatum should go to which department?

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Updated on February 10, 2025

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Regarding the registration of patients or children with pectus excavatum, if it is for children and the consultation is only about the hereditary aspect of pectus excavatum or its etiology, consider registering at the pediatrics or child health department. It is also feasible to consult the genetics department. If the consultation is about treatment options for pectus excavatum, including methods of treatment, consider registering at the thoracic surgery department. Thoracic surgery can provide advice and methods for the treatment of pectus excavatum, including both surgical and non-surgical options. Of course, not all hospitals have a thoracic surgery department; generally, municipal third-level, first-class hospitals are equipped with thoracic surgery departments. If there is no thoracic surgery available, consider registering under the general surgery department.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong

Cardiothoracic Surgery

1min 28sec

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Postoperative complications of pectus excavatum surgery

In theory, if the pectus excavatum surgery is successful, there won't be many long-term complications. However, if we have to discuss possible complications or side effects, they can be categorized as either short-term or long-term. For instance, pectus excavatum itself involves the inward and backward indentation of the sternum, which compresses the patient's heart and lungs. The surgery corrects this by pushing or suspending the indented sternum forward. Due to the alteration in the shape and appearance of the bones, the patient may experience some pain post-surgery, but this pain is bearable and usually subsides within three to five days. Particularly in younger children, who have softer bones, normal activities can often be resumed in just a day or two. However, as age increases and bones become harder, patients may feel pain for about three to five days to a week post-surgery, but typically return to normal after a week. Additionally, there might be complications such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or even severe cardiac damage. However, these are generally problems that arise from unsuccessful operations or issues that can be resolved in the short term. Therefore, in the long term or over an extended period, there are generally no lasting side effects from pectus excavatum surgery. If there has to be mention of any, it would be the surgical scars left under the armpits, typically one to two scars each measuring 1 to 2 centimeters.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong

Cardiothoracic Surgery

1min 23sec

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How to exercise to correct pectus excavatum

Pectus excavatum refers to the inward and backward indentation of the sternum, a deformity that can compress the patient's heart and lungs. To exercise for pectus excavatum, patients are advised to practice deep breathing exercises to enhance lung function, as well as engage in appropriate running and routine physical activities to strengthen heart function. However, in cases of severe pectus excavatum which severely compresses the heart, even pushing it entirely to the left side, patients may not be able to tolerate running and other intense activities. Therefore, it is quite difficult to completely correct pectus excavatum through exercise alone. Some parents might think that doing push-ups can correct pectus excavatum, but push-ups make the pectoral muscles on both sides stronger, and since these muscles pull outward, the force is not directed in the same way as the inward and backward indentation of pectus excavatum. Furthermore, continuously training the pectoral muscles causes them to develop, and the resultant thickening of the muscles on both sides can exacerbate the inward and backward indentation of the sternum in the middle. Thus, after appropriate cardiovascular and pulmonary exercises, those with severe pectus excavatum should still consult a doctor for active advice and consider surgical treatment options.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong

Cardiothoracic Surgery

1min 18sec

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Can people with funnel chest work?

Whether pectus excavatum can affect work depends on two aspects. Firstly, if it is a mild case of pectus excavatum, with an index less than 3.25, such mild conditions do not cause significant compression on the heart or lungs, and the patient will not have too many work-related issues. However, if the pectus excavatum index is greater than 3.25 and the chest is sunken inward and backward, significantly compressing the heart and lungs, such a condition prevents the heart from fully relaxing and the lungs from fully expanding, which can impact the patient's activities. Besides the physiological impact, this condition can also significantly affect social interactions, especially for young children or adults. Some patients may suffer severe inferiority complexes, depression, and even suicidal tendencies, which, of course, will also affect their work capability and state. Therefore, for severe cases of pectus excavatum, it is recommended to wait until after treatment to return to work. Once the pectus excavatum is corrected, and the heart and lung functions are no longer compressed, and the appearance is normalized, the patient's work capability should be completely fine.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong

Cardiothoracic Surgery

1min 26sec

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Minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum

Minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum has evolved over the decades, with various surgical methods developing since the most classical NUSS procedure introduced by Donald Nuss in the 1990s. His basic surgical process involves administering general anesthesia to the patient, who is then laid flat on the operating table. A horizontal line is drawn from the deepest part of the depression to the armpit, where one to two small incisions are made under the armpit. The skin is then freed to access the chest cavity, and a steel plate is gradually inserted behind the sternum at its deepest point, after which the depressed sternum is elevated by flipping the plate. Of course, there have been improvements to the NUSS procedure, such as the modified Nuss procedure that reduces the flipping process, thus minimizing the impact and damage to the bones. For instance, ultra-minimally invasive surgeries, which require only a single-port incision, have evolved from the NUSS procedure by reducing or eliminating the need for flipping or an incision. Later, the Wang procedure involved placing the steel plate in front of the sternum, using the principle of a suspension bridge to elevate the depressed sternum. Thus, the evolution of surgery for pectus excavatum continues to advance, with the surgical processes improving, wounds becoming smaller, and the number of incisions decreasing.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong

Cardiothoracic Surgery

53sec

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Can people with pectus excavatum join the military?

Theoretically, the current conscription system does not have strict restrictions on mild cases of pectus excavatum. However, obvious moderate or severe pectus excavatum, or sternums that are inwardly and backwardly concave, can significantly impact the function of both the heart and lungs by compressing them. This inward concavity can restrict the heart’s ability to fully expand, potentially causing complete deformation of the heart, or even prevent the heart’s valves from closing fully, leading to valve regurgitation. Such compromised cardiac and pulmonary functions are likely unable to withstand the physical demands experienced during military service. Therefore, for moderate and severe cases of pectus excavatum, we do not recommend enlisting in the military, although the current policy does not have clear restrictions on mild cases of pectus excavatum.