Minimally invasive surgery for pectus excavatum has evolved over the decades, with various surgical methods developing since the most classical NUSS procedure introduced by Donald Nuss in the 1990s. His basic surgical process involves administering general anesthesia to the patient, who is then laid flat on the operating table. A horizontal line is drawn from the deepest part of the depression to the armpit, where one to two small incisions are made under the armpit. The skin is then freed to access the chest cavity, and a steel plate is gradually inserted behind the sternum at its deepest point, after which the depressed sternum is elevated by flipping the plate. Of course, there have been improvements to the NUSS procedure, such as the modified Nuss procedure that reduces the flipping process, thus minimizing the impact and damage to the bones. For instance, ultra-minimally invasive surgeries, which require only a single-port incision, have evolved from the NUSS procedure by reducing or eliminating the need for flipping or an incision. Later, the Wang procedure involved placing the steel plate in front of the sternum, using the principle of a suspension bridge to elevate the depressed sternum. Thus, the evolution of surgery for pectus excavatum continues to advance, with the surgical processes improving, wounds becoming smaller, and the number of incisions decreasing.