In theory, if the pectus excavatum surgery is successful, there won't be many long-term complications. However, if we have to discuss possible complications or side effects, they can be categorized as either short-term or long-term. For instance, pectus excavatum itself involves the inward and backward indentation of the sternum, which compresses the patient's heart and lungs. The surgery corrects this by pushing or suspending the indented sternum forward. Due to the alteration in the shape and appearance of the bones, the patient may experience some pain post-surgery, but this pain is bearable and usually subsides within three to five days. Particularly in younger children, who have softer bones, normal activities can often be resumed in just a day or two. However, as age increases and bones become harder, patients may feel pain for about three to five days to a week post-surgery, but typically return to normal after a week. Additionally, there might be complications such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or even severe cardiac damage. However, these are generally problems that arise from unsuccessful operations or issues that can be resolved in the short term. Therefore, in the long term or over an extended period, there are generally no lasting side effects from pectus excavatum surgery. If there has to be mention of any, it would be the surgical scars left under the armpits, typically one to two scars each measuring 1 to 2 centimeters.