Subscribe
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma ultrasound manifestations
Regarding the ultrasonic manifestations of neuroblastoma, they typically occur at the site of the neuroblastoma. Some neuroblastomas occur in the retroperitoneal space, such as near the adrenal glands or alongside the spine, usually presenting direct and indirect signs. Direct signs often manifest as a large tumor volume, often crossing the midline, characterized internally primarily by hypoechoic areas with significant returns unevenness, and rich blood flow around the tumor. Some patients may exhibit tumor calcification, which can cause encasement or invasion of major retroperitoneal vessels, but less commonly invasion resulting in acid efflux. Indirect signs mainly include causing renal hydronephrosis, potentially leading to enlargement of surrounding lymph nodes, and causing ascites.
Neuroblastoma is divided into several types.
Neuroblastoma can be classified into several types, such as abdominal neuroblastoma, which often presents with obvious abdominal distention. Patients may experience difficulty defecating, dry stools, and stubborn constipation. Thoracic neuroblastoma mainly presents with obvious difficulty in breathing, accompanied by shortness of breath, frequent breathing, and low blood oxygen saturation. Spinal neuroblastoma primarily causes a noticeable decrease in trunk and limb strength, with most patients experiencing significant limb motor dysfunction and difficulty walking.
Is neuroblastoma hereditary?
Neuroblastoma has a partial genetic predisposition, but current research has not definitively determined the extent or probability of its heritability. For modern neuroblastoma, its origin is primarily associated with genetic mutations or chromosomal changes. Factors such as smoking, drinking, and drug use by the mother during pregnancy can severely harm the fetus and potentially lead to the development of neuroblastoma. Sometimes, excessive radiation or the misuse of certain drugs can also cause neuroblastoma. Therefore, while there is a certain genetic tendency for neuroblastoma, it is not the main factor.
Is calcification of neuroblastoma good?
In clinical practice, although calcification is a relatively favorable phenomenon, the overall condition of neuroblastoma does not change significantly because of it. Therefore, it is still not a good sign. For neuroblastoma, whether calcification occurs or not, it remains a form of tumor. Only through early surgical treatment can the problem be fundamentally resolved, otherwise, there is a tendency for recurrence and metastasis to occur later on. Moreover, it is important to note that regardless of whether the tumor calcifies, its nature does not change. Only fundamental treatment can bring better hope, so calcification does not lead to very good outcomes.
How to diagnose neuroblastoma?
For neuroblastoma, the final diagnosis requires the patient to undergo surgical treatment. During the surgery, the neuroblastoma is completely excised, and a small amount of tumor tissue is retained for pathological sectioning. The diagnosis is determined based on the results of the pathological examination, which assesses the specific cells of the neuroblastoma, whether it is benign or malignant, and its level of malignancy. This also determines how the patient will receive subsequent treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition to relying on pathological examinations, most neuroblastoma patients can also undergo more thorough examinations. In most cases, elevated levels of catecholamines and their metabolites can be found in the blood or urine of neuroblastoma patients, significantly higher than that of the normal population.
Age of onset of neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma, typically arises from primitive neural crest cells, is more commonly found in the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. There is no specific age for the onset of neuroblastoma, but research indicates that it is more commonly diagnosed in children. The exact causative factors of neuroblastoma are not yet fully understood, but it is widely believed to involve congenital genetic factors, including acquired genetic mutations. Clinically, the presentation largely depends on the location of the tumor, the age at diagnosis, and the degree of malignancy of the tumor. In most cases, the tumor originates in the abdominal cavity, with a higher occurrence in the adrenal glands in children.
Neuroblastoma in children
Neuroblastoma does not specifically concern how old the child is, as it can occur in children during their developmental process, and even in newborns, adolescents, and adults. There is no specific timing required for its occurrence. Therefore, for neuroblastoma, the principle is to initiate treatment as soon as it is detected. Although the prognosis may not be very good, the aim should be to extend the patient's life and reduce suffering as much as possible. After all, no matter the age, the patient is a loved one.
Early symptoms of neuroblastoma
For neuroblastoma, in the early stages of the disease, mild headaches, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting often occur, but the symptoms are relatively mild and most can be tolerated. As the disease gradually progresses and the tumor volume begins to increase, it compresses the surrounding brain tissue and cranial nerves, causing the patient to exhibit certain degrees of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and other clinical manifestations. As the tumor volume further increases and cerebral edema becomes apparent with elevated intracranial pressure, it may lead to cranial nerve dysfunction in patients. For instance, it might trigger epileptic seizures or cause patients to experience hemiplegia, aphasia, and other clinical manifestations. Once these symptoms occur, it is advisable to visit a local hospital early for treatment.
neuroblastoma cure rate
Neuroblastoma is relatively likely to be a malignant tumor, typically characterized by rapid growth of malignant tumors.In the early stages of the disease, it often adheres to surrounding tissues, making it difficult to completely remove through surgery. Even with surgical treatment, the outcomes are generally modest, and recurrence is likely to occur shortly after surgery. Once recurrence occurs, the malignancy of the tumor will continue to increase.For these patients, the prognosis is poor. It is generally recommended to undergo surgical treatment early, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy to potentially extend the patient's lifespan, but it is usually difficult to cure.
Symptoms of neuroblastoma recurrence
For neuroblastoma, when the tumor recurs, the patient's original symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting will reappear, occurring intermittently and worsening persistently. Most patients will experience significant increased intracranial pressure, and even frequent nausea and vomiting. Additionally, some neuroblastoma patients experience severe vertigo, especially when changing body positions, where the vertigo is particularly pronounced. For such patients, when the above symptoms and signs occur, they should go to a local hospital as soon as possible for a reassessment using cranial MRI to monitor changes in their condition.