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Bacterial vaginosis
Can bacterial vaginitis lead to pelvic inflammatory disease?
Bacterial vaginitis can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease. Bacterial vaginosis is a mixed infection caused by the imbalance of normal vaginal flora. When bacterial vaginosis occurs, the predominance of lactobacilli in the vagina decreases, leading to the overgrowth of other microorganisms such as Gardnerella, anaerobes, and some staphylococci. The proliferation of these pathogens can compromise the host's defense mechanisms. These pathogens can travel from the vagina to the uterine cavity and then to the pelvic cavity, leading to disturbances in the microecological environment of the pelvis and resulting in pelvic inflammatory disease.
How to treat pain during urination caused by bacterial vaginitis?
Bacterial vaginitis refers to when the pathogen in the vagina is Gardnerella and is associated with a disruption of the vaginal flora. This can result in an increased amount of discharge, with a foul odor. An increased amount of vaginal discharge can irritate the vulva, leading to severe vulvitis, and possibly cause pain during urination. If pain during urination is accompanied by urinary urgency and frequency, it should be considered that there might be a urinary tract infection, and a urinalysis could be conducted. If a urinary tract infection is confirmed, it is necessary to drink more water, urinate more frequently, and take oral levofloxacin. If tests confirm that there is no urinary tract infection and the symptoms are only due to local irritation, using a 1:5000 potassium permanganate sitz bath daily for 15 minutes can significantly alleviate the pain during urination. Additionally, systemic medication should be administered to treat bacterial vaginitis. Only after the vaginitis is cured, which would significantly reduce the discharge, can the vulvitis and pain during urination be relieved. (Medication should be administered under the guidance of a physician.)
Can bacterial vaginitis be treated during menstruation?
Bacterial vaginitis can only be treated with oral metronidazole during menstruation, and external genitalia can be cleaned with a wash, but vaginal suppositories cannot be used during bleeding periods to avoid causing infections. However, the standard treatment for bacterial vaginitis is recommended to better start after the menstruation ends. At that time, you can choose the appropriate external washes and vaginal suppositories for combined treatment, which will be more effective. During the treatment, avoid intercourse, frequently change underwear, maintain genital hygiene, avoid wearing tight clothing, consume fresh vegetables and fruits, exercise more, and enhance resistance.
Does bacterial vaginitis have any relation to cervical cancer?
Bacterial vaginosis is not closely related to cervical cancer. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of vaginal flora, leading to an increase in vaginal discharge, which can have a fishy odor and be thin and watery. This condition can be diagnosed through routine vaginal discharge tests. Subsequent treatment, under a doctor’s guidance, may include the oral administration of metronidazole. During treatment, it is advised to avoid sexual intercourse to prevent impacting the effectiveness of the treatment. The development of cervical cancer is mostly related to prolonged infection with high-risk HPV viruses, or factors such as early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, and unhygienic sexual practices. Generally, it is not significantly related to the presence of vaginal inflammation. (Please follow medical advice when using medication.)
What should I do if bacterial vaginitis has a fishy odor?
The normal vaginal flora is dominated by lactobacillus. If the pH in the vagina increases, this can disrupt the vaginal microecology, and the excessive growth of other microorganisms can lead to bacterial vaginosis, accompanied by an increase in vaginal discharge and a foul odor. Initially, a routine vaginal discharge test can be conducted. If the test indicates the presence of clue cells, a definitive diagnosis can be made. In the treatment process, oral metronidazole is primarily used as it is effective for symptomatic treatment. Alternatively, metronidazole suppositories can be used locally for symptom relief, typically curing the condition in about a week. During treatment, avoid sexual intercourse, wearing tight clothing or long-term use of panty liners, as these can interfere with treatment effectiveness. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)
Is bacterial vaginitis caused by men?
Bacterial vaginosis is a common gynecological condition characterized by an increase in vaginal discharge that is grayish-white and thin in consistency, and may be accompanied by itching or burning of the vulva. It is not caused by a single pathogen, but rather a combination of various pathogens. However, the exact cause of changes in the vaginal flora is not clear. It may be related to unhygienic sexual practices with men or frequent sexual activity. It is advised to visit a gynecology outpatient clinic at a reputable local hospital to determine the specific cause. Under the guidance of a clinical doctor, standardized treatment should be administered.
How is bacterial pneumonia treated?
Bacterial pneumonia is a common respiratory disease. After contracting it, patients often experience fever, coughing, chest pain, and chest tightness. Lung imaging can reveal exudative shadows in the lungs. So, how should bacterial pneumonia be treated? The first step is to use antibiotics to which the bacteria are sensitive, commonly including penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. Additionally, symptomatic treatment is employed, such as antipyretic analgesics for fever, cough suppressants if there is little sputum, and expectorants for thick and sticky sputum.
Why does bacterial vaginitis turn into fungal vaginitis?
Women with bacterial vaginitis need to be treated with metronidazole, which can be either taken orally or applied as metronidazole vaginal effervescent tablets. Some women may experience recurrent bacterial vaginitis, which leads to a longer duration of medication use, potentially causing an imbalance in the vaginal flora. Yeast naturally exists in the vagina, but the environment is usually stable due to the predominance of lactobacillus, which inhibits the growth of yeast. However, if the treatment period for vaginitis is extended, it can disrupt the vaginal environment, reduce the amount of lactobacillus, and consequently, yeast can proliferate and lead to yeast-based vaginitis.
Is bacterial cold serious?
Bacterial colds are generally not severe and typically manifest symptoms such as sore throat and fever. Active anti-infection treatment is necessary, along with adjunctive non-pharmacological measures like a light diet and adequate hydration, which usually help control the condition. However, it is important to note that even bacterial colds require standardized treatment, as neglecting this can increase the risk of complications such as pneumonia. Additionally, in pediatric patients, bacterial colds caused by streptococcal infections can lead to severe complications like nephritis. Therefore, more aggressive treatment is crucial for children with bacterial colds to avoid delaying treatment and preventing potential complications.
Why is there tofu-like discharge in bacterial vaginitis?
Bacterial vaginitis may have cottage cheese-like discharge, which requires consideration of bacterial and fungal co-infection. It is advisable to visit a hospital for routine vaginal discharge tests. If these tests indicate the presence of fungi, the diagnosis can be confirmed as fungal vaginitis with a concurrent bacterial infection. Therefore, the appearance of the discharge may change to resemble cottage cheese, but at this point, treatment becomes complicated as it requires addressing both bacterial vaginitis and fungal vaginitis simultaneously. The treatment methods for these two conditions are actually opposite. Under a doctor's guidance, considering vaginal insertions of nifuratel-nystatin capsules for symptomatic treatment may be advisable. Observing the treatment response or, if the effect is not apparent, considering treating the fungal infection first, followed by the bacterial infection.