Subscribe
282
Zhang Hui
Neurology
About me
Weifang People's Hospital, Department of Neurology, attending physician, has been engaged in clinical work in the field of neurology for many years, with rich clinical experience in common and prevalent neurological diseases.
Proficient in diseases
Cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, myelitis, etc.
Voices
What tests are done for pediatric encephalitis?
Some auxiliary examinations are very necessary for pediatric encephalitis, which help in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of encephalitis. The main tests generally include the following: First, an electroencephalogram (EEG), which is the most commonly used examination. It is safe, non-invasive, and relatively accurate. Children with encephalitis will show light to moderate abnormalities in the EEG. Combined with the patient's history of fever and headache, it has important clinical significance for the diagnosis of encephalitis. The second important examination is cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If the encephalitis is severe, pathological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid can be seen on MRI. The third very important examination is lumbar puncture. Lumbar puncture can mainly determine the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, the color of the cerebrospinal fluid, and analyze the levels of white blood cells, glucose, and chloride in the cerebrospinal fluid. This is crucial for diagnosing encephalitis and excluding other types of encephalitis.
progression of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly
The progression of dementia in the elderly mainly includes the following aspects. The first is the pre-stage of mild cognitive impairment, during which patients show no clinical symptoms. Some may only report slight memory impairment, with a possible slight decline in learning ability and a mild decrease in the capability to learn new things. As the disease progresses to the second stage, the period of mild cognitive impairment occurs, where patients will experience impaired memory, but it is not particularly obvious, and daily life is not affected at all. Then, entering the third stage, some periods of dementia occur, during which patients' memory, executive abilities, computational skills, and judgment are significantly impaired. Patients might even get lost or possibly forget their own names. As the disease further progresses into the later stages of dementia, the elderly may exhibit some psychiatric symptoms. They become delirious, talk to themselves, and may see things that do not exist. Eventually, the elderly may end up bedridden, with complications such as pulmonary infections and bedsores.
How is brainstem hemorrhage treated?
Brainstem hemorrhage is extremely dangerous and must be treated as soon as possible. The treatment plan mainly includes: the patient must rest in bed, avoid emotional stimulation, ensure smooth bowel movements, and must strengthen turning over and patting the back to prevent serious complications such as bedsores and pulmonary infections. In terms of medication, it mainly involves providing drugs that protect brain cells and nourish brain nerves. Additionally, because patients with brainstem hemorrhage have high intracranial pressure, it is necessary to administer dehydrating drugs to reduce intracranial pressure. Moreover, once the patient's vital signs stabilize, treatments such as acupuncture and rehabilitation training are needed to promote the recovery of neural functions. If the patient experiences respiratory failure, it is necessary to promptly use a ventilator for treatment. Furthermore, patients with brainstem hemorrhage who are bedridden for a long period can develop complications such as pulmonary infections and urinary system infections. If these complications occur, timely use of antibiotics is necessary to control the complications.
How to care for cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage is a very dangerous neurological disease. In addition to conducting related drug treatments to control the condition, prevent the enlargement of the hemorrhage, and prevent the recurrence of cerebral thrombosis, nursing care is also very important. The nursing of cerebral hemorrhage mainly includes the following aspects: First, it is essential to address the patient's mental state and soothe their emotions because large emotional fluctuations can easily lead to an increase in the amount of cerebral hemorrhage. Second, patients should be advised to rest in bed and avoid vigorous activities. Early ambulation can also easily lead to an increase in cerebral hemorrhage. Third, it is important to maintain smooth bowel movements. If the bowel movements are not smooth, or even constipated, excessive straining during defecation can cause an increase in cerebral hemorrhage. Fourth, patients with cerebral hemorrhage often have some associated complications, such as pulmonary infections and acute ulcers, among other diseases. It is crucial for patients to be attentive to turning over, patting the back, suctioning phlegm, and administering antibiotics in a timely manner if necessary. For the prevention of acute gastric mucosal lesions and acute ulcers, patients should eat soft, easily digestible food.
What causes facial neuritis?
Facial neuritis is very common in neurology, mainly caused by nonspecific inflammatory responses. For example, some patients with facial neuritis may experience viral infections, leading to inflammatory reactions in the muscles. Some patients develop inflammation of the facial nerve due to exposure to cold winds. Others may have immune dysfunction or rheumatic autoimmune diseases, which lead to inflammation of the facial nerve. Patients with facial neuritis usually experience paralysis of the facial muscles and may also experience significant pain, especially in the mastoid and external auditory canal. It is essential to treat facial neuritis early, using corticosteroids and B vitamins, as many patients have a good prognosis after treatment.
What medicine should be taken for myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenia gravis is a type of neurological immunological disease in neurology, mainly caused by a disorder of the body's own immune function. Patients in the body will produce antibodies against acetylcholine receptors, thus affecting the transmission of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction. For this disease, the following medications are generally prescribed: The first type of medication is a cholinesterase inhibitor, which can increase the amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby effectively improving clinical symptoms. The second type of medication is corticosteroids, because this disease is caused by an abnormal inflammatory response. Therefore, taking corticosteroids can suppress the inflammatory response. Treatment generally starts with a small dose and gradually increases, maintaining for a period before gradually tapering off. It may also be necessary to take other immunosuppressants. (Please take the medication under the guidance of a doctor)
Causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a very dangerous disease, in which patients experience severe headaches, noticeable nausea, vomiting, restlessness, and agitation. If the bleeding is extensive, the patient can quickly become comatose and may develop serious complications such as cerebral vasospasm and hydrocephalus. Common causes of cerebral hemorrhage include: First, cerebral aneurysms. Cerebral aneurysms are the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage and may be related to congenital developmental abnormalities or acquired factors such as smoking. Second, arteriovenous malformations, which are also a common cause of bleeding. Third, there are other causes, such as trauma or coagulation disorders, and long-term use of anticoagulant medications may also be contributing factors.
What to do about senile dementia?
When dementia occurs in the elderly, there is a noticeable decline in cognitive function. Initially, it is important to identify the cause of the dementia; some cerebrovascular diseases can also cause dementia. For example, cerebral infarction in certain specific areas of the brain can lead to dementia if it affects the intelligence center. For dementia caused by these reasons, it is recommended to treat with antithrombotic medications, including antiplatelet aggregation drugs and brain cell protective medications. Additionally, if the dementia is caused by Alzheimer's disease, close care is needed to prevent incidents like the patient getting lost. It is advisable to write contact numbers in the pockets of their clothes and administer acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which can improve cognitive function to a certain extent. (Note: This answer is for reference only. Medication should be prescribed and managed under the guidance of a professional physician, and self-medication should be avoided.)
What should not be eaten with facial neuritis?
Bell's palsy primarily refers to the idiopathic paralysis of the facial nerve. This condition is quite common and can occur in individuals of any age. Essentially, it is a non-specific immune inflammatory response. Patients should be cautious about their diet, avoiding spicy and stimulating foods, as these can exacerbate facial nerve swelling, which is detrimental to recovery. Additionally, alcohol consumption should be avoided as it can significantly damage the nerves. There are no special dietary restrictions otherwise; it is recommended to consume more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as greens, apples, and oranges. Consuming foods rich in B vitamins, like buckwheat, sorghum, and corn, is also advised.
What can be eaten with cerebral hemorrhage?
Intracerebral hemorrhage is an extremely dangerous neurological disease. Its onset is very sudden, with patients experiencing headaches, nausea, vomiting, as well as symptoms like limb paralysis, numbness, and speech impairments. Additionally, the gastrointestinal function of patients is significantly affected during an intracerebral hemorrhage, making them very susceptible to acute ulcers and acute gastric mucosal lesions. Hence, there are some precautions to consider regarding diet. In the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage, it is recommended to eat softer, easily digestible foods, such as rice porridge, millet porridge, sesame paste, etc., which are easier to digest and can help reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. After the acute phase, the patient should consume more fresh vegetables and fruits, which can help maintain regular bowel movements, beneficial for the recovery from intracerebral hemorrhage. These also provide a rich source of vitamins that can protect vascular endothelial cells and reduce the recurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, eating high-quality proteins such as drinking milk, eating eggs, and lean meats can help enhance the patient's resistance and reduce complications.