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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
Voices
What foods are good for children with diarrhea?
Children's diarrhea can be classified into infectious and non-infectious types. Generally, if it is infectious diarrhea, the diet should be light and easy to digest, avoiding greasy, spicy foods. Most cases of infectious diarrhea can be controlled within about a week with anti-infection and symptomatic fluid replenishment treatments. However, for non-infectious diarrhea, such as allergic diarrhea, milk allergy, or egg allergy, it is necessary to avoid allergenic foods and also focus on a diet that is light and easy to digest, avoiding spicy and greasy foods. If lactose intolerance causes the diarrhea, then intake of lactose-containing foods, especially lactose-containing milk, should be avoided; lactose-free formula should be used instead, and treatments like lactase may be added.
What is the fundamental difference between rickets and tetany?
Rickets is a type of vitamin D deficiency disease, primarily caused by insufficient vitamin D in infants, children, or adolescents, leading to disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It is a chronic nutritional disease characterized by skeletal lesions, mainly manifesting as changes in the fastest growing parts of the skeleton, such as square skull, pigeon chest, funnel chest, bow legs, and knock knees, among other symptoms. On the other hand, tetany is primarily due to hypocalcemia and its manifestations differ; it does not exhibit the skeletal changes seen in rickets but primarily presents as spasms or cramps in the hands and feet. Thus, this constitutes their fundamental difference.
How to deal with baby rash?
Roseola infantum is a common acute febrile and exanthematous disease in infants and young children, caused by human herpesvirus types 6 and 7. Its characteristic is that three to five days after the onset of fever, the fever suddenly drops and rose-pink maculopapular rashes appear on the skin, reducing the severity of the condition, which can be cured if there are no complications. The main treatment for this condition involves enhanced care, ensuring adequate rest for children with mild symptoms, providing sufficient hydration, and offering easily digestible foods. If there is high fever, fever reduction measures can be taken, including physical cooling and oral antipyretics. Also, during high fever, be vigilant for convulsions and, if necessary, some antiviral treatments can be used, although there are no specific antiviral drugs available. Pay attention to changes in the baby's mental state and body temperature, etc.
Can infantile roseola recur?
Exanthem subitum (roseola infantum) is a common acute febrile rash disease in infants and young children, caused by human herpesvirus type 6 or 7. The main characteristic is that three to five days after the onset of fever, the fever suddenly drops, and rose-pink maculopapular rashes appear on the skin, easing the condition. If there are no complications, recovery is usually rapid. After contracting exanthem subitum once, most children acquire immunity and it is rare for them to experience it a second time. However, if a child has an immune deficiency or low immune function, there is still a possibility of contracting exanthem subitum again.
Symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in children
Children with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration are categorized into mild, moderate, and severe dehydration. Generally speaking, with mild dehydration, there is slight dryness of the mouth, not very severe. With moderate dehydration, the dryness of the mouth becomes quite noticeable, and with severe dehydration, there is extreme dryness of the mouth. In terms of mental state, those with mild dehydration generally feel okay, while those with moderate dehydration have poorer spirits, and those with severe dehydration appear very listless. Regarding urination, those with mild dehydration experience a slight decrease in urine output, those with moderate dehydration have a reduced urine output, and those with severe dehydration show a significant reduction in urine output, or even no urine at all. Another symptom to consider is skin turgor; in mild dehydration, skin elasticity is still acceptable, in moderate dehydration skin elasticity worsens, and in severe dehydration, skin elasticity is significantly impaired. For instance, the dryness of mucous membranes, including the oral mucosa, shows slight dryness in mild dehydration, dryness in moderate dehydration, and obvious dryness in severe dehydration. Therefore, dehydration should be assessed from multiple aspects.
What is good for children with nephrotic syndrome to eat?
Nephrotic syndrome is mainly due to increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, leading to a syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and severe edema. The dietary requirements for this disease include low salt, low fat, and high-quality protein diet. Therefore, it is best to use less salt in dishes, and also, one should not drink too much water, as excessive water intake can easily cause sodium and water retention. Additionally, too much sodium can also lead to sodium and water retention and the development of hypertension. Foods rich in fats, fatty meats, and seafood should be avoided, while high-quality proteins generally include lean meats, beef, milk, eggs, etc. Consumption of such high-quality proteins and soy products should be limited.
How long does it take for Kawasaki disease to get better?
How long does it take for Kawasaki disease to get better? Kawasaki disease mainly presents with symptoms such as fever, conjunctival congestion, hard swelling of the hands and feet, strawberry tongue, dry and cracked lips, rashes, or superficial lymphadenopathy, along with enlarged cervical lymph nodes, etc. The main hazard of this disease is coronary artery dilation or coronary artery aneurysm formation, which is the most dangerous complication. Generally speaking, if Kawasaki disease does not lead to coronary artery aneurysms or coronary artery dilation, with effective treatment, the symptoms can be controlled in about a week. However, this disease requires long-term follow-up examinations, typically after one month, three months, six months, and a year of discharge, we must conduct follow-up inspections. It is important to be vigilant for long-term complications involving the heart and coronary arteries, so follow-up inspections of the heart echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, etc., are necessary. If there is coronary dilation, continuous monitoring is required until the coronary arteries return to normal.
The most common complication of Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, consisting of four abnormalities: ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Several complications are prone to occur in Tetralogy of Fallot: Firstly, due to the increase in red blood cells, embolism can occur, especially cerebral embolism is the most common. Children over two years old can also develop brain abscesses. Secondly, bacterial endocarditis often occurs at sites such as the right ventricular infundibulum, pulmonary valve, or aortic valve.
What should I do if the baby has a cold and a dry cough?
When a baby has a cold and a dry cough, the first step is to administer a cough suppressant, which can be a traditional Chinese medicine or medications like ambroxol. Additionally, nebulizer inhalation can be used, which also acts as a cough suppressant. Moreover, if a viral infection is suspected, it is appropriate to use some antiviral medications for treatment. However, since viral infections often last a long time and may be complicated by bacterial infections, antibiotics such as cephalosporins and penicillins in oral formulations can be added to treat the infection.
How to avoid roseola in toddlers
For the prevention of baby rash, first, try not to take the baby to visit others or go to public places, as public places have a high density of bacteria and viruses in the air. This can significantly increase the possibility of the baby contracting diseases. Second, the baby's diet should be regular. After introducing solid foods, it's important to ensure a regular intake of vegetables to promote healthy growth and development. A well-nourished baby will naturally have a stronger body and better disease resistance. Third, strengthen care to avoid catching colds, as a cold can decrease the baby's immune function, making it easier for them to catch bacterial and viral infections.