Vitiligo and leukoderma are completely different concepts. Vitiligo can manifest as porcelain white patches, while leukoderma is a sign, not a specific diagnosis. It includes diseases like pityriasis alba, post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, and achromic nevus, all of which can appear as white patchy changes and are non-specific. In terms of diagnosis, it requires further combination of clinical and auxiliary examinations to be confirmed. Vitiligo is a pigmentary loss disease, whose causes are unknown. The disease may be related to various factors such as genetics, metabolic environment, and trauma, and requires symptomatic treatment such as immune modulation. Medications include oral folic acid, niacinamide, and compound glycyrrhizin tablets.