What is postpartum depression?

Written by Du Rui Xia
Obstetrics
Updated on September 23, 2024
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Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder affecting emotions, psychology, and the body, caused by a decline in physical constitution and poor mental state due to societal perspectives and excessive stress after childbirth. Mothers may experience anxiety, sadness, emotional indifference, weakness, a tendency to cry easily, and a loss of confidence and interest in life. These symptoms generally persist throughout the entire postpartum period. Mild cases of postpartum depression can be alleviated through daily life adjustments. More severe cases, however, require treatment at a formal medical institution, and it is crucial for family members to pay attention to psychological communication with the patient.

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Written by Pang Ji Cheng
Psychiatry and Psychology
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Is depression hereditary?

Depression has a certain hereditary tendency. Studies involving large samples have found that if first-degree relatives of patients with depression have the disorder, the incidence of the disease in their offspring is significantly higher than in the general population. Additionally, studies on twins have shown that the concordance rate of depression in monozygotic twins is significantly higher than in dizygotic twins. Research in genetic studies has revealed that depression is a polygenic disorder. Therefore, it is possible for offspring of parents with depression not to inherit the disease. The onset of depression is often influenced by genetic factors, biochemical factors, and various social and psychological factors. Thus, the genetic probability of developing depression is generally higher than in the general population.

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Written by Pang Ji Cheng
Psychiatry and Psychology
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Is moderate depression serious?

Patients with moderate depression are quite serious. The core manifestations in clinical practice include low mood, inability to feel happy, reduced energy, and predominantly negative thinking. These symptoms often lead to a decline in the patient's social and occupational functioning, affecting their work, study, life, social interactions, and family life. Patients typically present with a lack of desire to groom themselves or pay attention to their attire, and they often have a dull gaze and an unpleasant emotional experience. There is generally a lack of energy and interest. In terms of cognitive thinking, they often exhibit feelings of worthlessness, pessimism, guilt, uselessness, or despair. Behaviorally, they often show psychomotor retardation, meaning they walk and act slowly, think sluggishly, cannot relax, and sometimes exhibit symptoms of restlessness.

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Written by Pang Ji Cheng
Psychiatry and Psychology
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Does depression cause dizziness?

Patients with depression can experience symptoms of dizziness. Depression is primarily characterized by low mood, slow thinking, and reduced volition. Patients may also have physical discomfort, especially in middle-aged and elderly patients with depression, whose main complaints are often physical discomforts when seeking medical advice such as dizziness, headache, palpitations, fatigue, weakness, gastrointestinal discomfort, frequent urination, urgency, and fluctuating body temperatures. Therefore, symptoms like dizziness can also occur in patients with depression. The main treatment involves the use of antidepressant drugs for systematic and standardized treatment, particularly the use of second-generation antidepressants, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which are effective. (The above drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Pang Ji Cheng
Psychiatry and Psychology
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How is depression treated?

Depression treatment in clinical settings includes self-adjustment, psychotherapy, medication, and physical therapy. Patients with mild depression can base their treatment on self-adjustment, which includes exercising, distracting attention, talking to others, etc. Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, is recommended as the first choice of treatment. It helps patients identify automatic thoughts and reconstruct the cognitive irrationality system among other methods. Furthermore, patients with moderate to severe depression are primarily treated with medication, particularly with serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine, sertraline, and fluoxetine, which are commonly used in clinical settings. Additionally, physical therapy mainly involves non-convulsive electroshock and transcranial magnetic stimulation as major treatment methods. (Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a physician.)

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Written by Pang Ji Cheng
Psychiatry and Psychology
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Causes of Depression

The causes of depression are often unclear and may be closely related to multiple factors such as biological, social, and psychological aspects. From a biological perspective, genetics is a primary factor, especially as indicated by family studies, which have found genetics to play a significant role. Genetic factors typically involve multiple gene loci. Furthermore, neurochemical factors like serotonin and norepinephrine are notably related. Beyond biological factors, psychological elements, particularly in individuals with certain depressive traits or personality characteristics, significantly increase the incidence of developing the condition. Social environmental factors are primarily associated with adverse major life events. After experiencing acute life events, individuals may become susceptible to depressive episodes. Hence, it is observed that depression in patients results from multifactorial influences rather than a single factor, culminating from a complex interplay of these elements.