What causes rheumatoid arthritis?

Written by Yang Ya Meng

Rheumatology

Updated on October 21, 2024

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The causes of rheumatoid arthritis are mainly classified into four categories,

First, environmental factors, such as living in dark, damp conditions for a long period, may trigger the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.

Second, genetic factors, the probability of developing rheumatoid arthritis significantly increases if a parent has the condition.

Third, rheumatoid arthritis often relates to estrogen, thus it is more commonly seen in female patients clinically.

Fourth, rheumatoid arthritis is also associated with certain infections, including some viral and bacterial infections.

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized primarily by inflammatory synovitis. Its main features are aggressive joint inflammation that symmetrically affects multiple small joints of the hands and feet. It often accompanies involvement of extra-articular organs and a positive rheumatoid factor in serum. It can ultimately lead to joint deformity and loss of function. The onset of the disease may be related to genetic, infectious, and hormonal factors.

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Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

Rheumatoid arthritis is categorized as an autoimmune disease and is a chronic autoimmune condition that is destructive to joints. It is primarily characterized by symmetric polyarthritis, with clinical manifestations varying significantly among individuals. Most cases begin gradually, initially presenting with symmetrical pain and swelling in the wrists. This often accompanies morning stiffness, fatigue, low-grade fever, muscle pain, or weight loss. In a minority of cases, the onset is more abrupt, with typical clinical manifestations appearing within a few days, including joint dysfunction, morning stiffness, and joint pain and swelling. Joint deformity is a later manifestation of the disease, indicating that the disease was not well-controlled, leading to joint damage.

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The difference between arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

The difference between arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is significant. Arthritis is a degenerative lesion caused by factors such as obesity, overuse, and trauma, which lead to the degeneration of joint cartilage. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by acute or chronic inflammation of the connective tissue, commonly referred to as rheumatic fever. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by migratory pain, redness and swelling in the joints and muscles. The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not yet definite in clinical practice, and the treatments are different. Osteoarthritis mainly results from cartilage degeneration and can be managed with conservative treatment in its early stages, while surgery might be required in the later stages. The treatment for rheumatoid arthritis primarily relies on medications to alleviate symptoms, and this condition may eventually lead to significant deformities of the hands and feet. Therefore, the differences between these two diseases are considerable.

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Does rheumatoid arthritis cause fever?

Rheumatoid arthritis is categorized as an autoimmune disease, primarily characterized by swelling and pain in multiple joints, particularly in the wrists or ankles. It also causes morning stiffness, and may be accompanied by fatigue, low fever, muscle soreness, and even weight loss. The onset of the disease is generally gradual for most people, and symptoms can vary significantly from one individual to another. A minority of patients may experience a rapid onset of symptoms, developing joint problems within days or weeks. Therefore, during the acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis, patients may experience a mild or moderate fever. However, it is important to differentiate whether this fever is due to an infection or the activity of the disease itself. This can be determined through regular blood tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, and related symptoms.

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The difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

In everyday life, many patients confuse osteoarthritis with rheumatoid arthritis, but these two diseases are indeed very distinct. Generally speaking, osteoarthritis is mostly caused by hyperplastic arthritis due to trauma or, in some cases, osteoarthritis resulting from overuse, The characteristic of osteoarthritic pain is that it is related to activity. The more a joint affected by arthritis moves, and the greater the overuse, the more severe the pain becomes. When resting, the pain in that joint will decrease, However, rheumatoid arthritis is different and has clear distinctions from osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the small joints of the limbs, usually occurs symmetrically, and rarely affects only one limb. Once it occurs, it generally affects other parts too, appearing in both hands or both feet. These small joints are usually the first to be affected, with symptoms presenting symmetrically, and there is significant morning stiffness; that is, joints are stiff in the morning, Furthermore, rheumatoid arthritis can cause pain at rest or pain during inactivity, and nocturnal pain does not necessarily correlate with activity. Sometimes, pain may intensify after rest or during the night, and sometimes, physical activity may actually alleviate the pain. Thus, this symptom is a primary distinguishing feature from osteoarthritis. Understanding these points, the differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can basically be mastered.