Ankylosing Spondylitis Diagnosis Methods

Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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Ankylosing spondylitis is primarily characterized by involvement of the elbow joints, but it can also be accompanied by extra-articular manifestations such as iritis and pain in the heel, and severe cases may present with spinal stiffness and deformity. The cause of the disease is unclear, but studies suggest it is related to genetic and environmental factors, with a significant familial aggregation. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical symptoms, blood tests including HLA-B27, and imaging such as CT or MRI of the sacroiliac joints to confirm inflammation or damage to these joints. To diagnose ankylosing spondylitis, these three criteria must be met. The most important factor is the presence of clinical symptoms that persist for more than three months, improve with activity, and do not significantly improve with rest. This is a typical characteristic of ankylosing spondylitis.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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What should I do in the late stage of ankylosing spondylitis?

Firstly, ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the axial joints, but it can also present with extra-articular manifestations. Severe cases can lead to ankylosis and deformities of the spine, which are complications of late-stage ankylosing spondylitis. At this stage, surgery is needed to manage the activity of the disease. If the activity of the disease is not controlled, even joint replacement can still lead to the progression of the disease and further damage to the joint structures. For severe disabling deformities, spinal orthopedic surgery can be considered, and spinal surgery is required when an acute fracture occurs.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Does ankylosing spondylitis cause buttock pain?

Ankylosing spondylitis may cause buttock pain. It primarily affects the axial joints, and can be accompanied by extrarticular manifestations. This condition leads to stiffening and deformity of the spine, and it cannot be cured, only managed with medication to slow the progression of the disease, delay joint deformity, improve quality of life, and reduce disability rates. Its clinical manifestations vary widely, and its onset is often insidious. Men are more commonly affected and tend to experience more severe symptoms. The most common symptoms include stiffness in the neck or pain in the lumbar and back areas. However, some people may experience pain in the lower back, accompanied by morning stiffness, or alternating pain in the buttocks, or radiating pain from the groin to the lower limbs. This pain is often worse at night or after prolonged sitting, but symptoms can lessen after activity.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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What to do about ankylosing spondylitis pain?

The medications for treating pain in ankylosing spondylitis fall into three major categories: The first category includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as sustained-release diclofenac sodium tablets. The second category consists of disease-controlling drugs, which are often immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine. Third, if patients still experience significant back pain despite using anti-inflammatory analgesics and disease-controlling drugs, biologic agents can be considered. The main biologics currently include tumor necrosis factor antagonists. (Note: The use of medications should be under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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How is ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed?

Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease that cannot be cured but can be managed primarily through medication. Its main typical symptoms include stiffness in the neck or pain in the lower back, with the pain becoming more apparent when at rest or after sitting for a long time. Symptoms tend to improve with movement. A typical occurrence is pain that awakens the patient at night. Peripheral joints like the knee joint and heel can also be affected. However, the main symptoms are stiffness in the neck and pain in the lower back. Diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis requires combining symptoms with a positive B27 blood test result, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI of the sacroiliac joints, showing signs of sacroiliitis, narrowing or damage in the sacroiliac joint space, to confirm the diagnosis.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Is ankylosing spondylitis hereditary?

Ankylosing spondylitis is a systemic autoimmune disease of unclear etiology characterized by chronic inflammation primarily affecting the axial joints, mainly involving the sacroiliac joint. The cause is unclear, and research by experts has shown that the disease tends to run in families, indicating familial clustering. It is not classified as a genetic disease, but there is both familial clustering and a genetic predisposition, meaning that if parents have the disease, their children are much more likely to develop it compared to others. Therefore, if symptoms such as lower back pain or neck stiffness occur, it is advisable to undergo thorough examinations and seek early diagnosis and treatment to delay joint deformity and control the progression of the disease.