Is Hashimoto's thyroiditis easy to treat?

Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
Updated on February 17, 2025
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Regarding whether Hashimoto's thyroiditis is easy to treat, it needs to be analyzed based on specific circumstances. Generally, after diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the treatment decision depends on the size of the thyroid and whether there are any symptoms.

For patients with a smaller thyroid who do not have noticeable compression symptoms, follow-up observation without immediate treatment is possible. However, for patients with significant thyroid enlargement and compression symptoms, treatment with levothyroxine can be adopted to reduce thyroid size. In some patients who develop hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used.

Moreover, some patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may also develop thyroid nodules. It is necessary to dynamically track changes in the morphology of the thyroid nodules. Patients with obvious compression symptoms, significant local pain, progressive enlargement of the nodules, or suspected malignant changes should undergo surgical treatment.

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Can Hashimoto's thyroiditis be cured?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroiditis where the body itself has autoantibodies that lead to the destruction of thyroid follicular cells, resulting in the failure of thyroid cells. Therefore, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can manifest as hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. Ultimately, Hashimoto's thyroiditis may develop into hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is proliferative and generally cannot be completely cured, but clinical remission can be achieved through oral administration of levothyroxine. However, Hashimoto's thyroiditis cannot be completely cured and requires lifelong replacement therapy.

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How is Hashimoto's thyroiditis caused?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune disease and is the most common type of thyroiditis clinically. Its etiology is primarily immunological, as Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder. Therefore, patients can detect a high concentration of anti-thyroid antibodies through blood tests, such as anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-microsomal antibodies. Additionally, genetic factors are involved, with about 50% of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis having a family history. Environmental factors, including radiation, infections, excessive dietary iodine, and selenium deficiency, can also lead to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In recent years, the incidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis has notably increased.

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What to do with Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common clinical type of thyroiditis, with over 90% occurring in females. It is also the major cause of primary hypothyroidism. The onset of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is insidious and progresses slowly. Early clinical manifestations are often atypical. Therefore, the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis should be tailored to different circumstances. If a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis has normal thyroid function, then no special treatment is needed, only regular follow-up is required. If the patient develops hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement therapy should be administered using either thyroxine tablets or levothyroxine tablets until the maintenance dose is reached, to improve clinical symptoms and normalize thyroid function. Another category includes patients with Hashimoto's hyperthyroidism, who generally do not require treatment as they may go through phases of hyperthyroidism, normal thyroid function, and hypothyroidism. Transient hyperthyroidism can be managed symptomatically with β-blockers. For cases highly suspected of concurrent Hashimoto's thyroiditis with thyroid cancer or lymphoma, surgical treatment can be considered.

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Is Hashimoto's thyroiditis contagious?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease, which is neither hereditary nor contagious, but it does tend to run in families. If parents have Hashimoto's thyroiditis, their children are at a relatively higher risk of developing the disease. Therefore, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not contagious, so everyone can be reassured. As for the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, if hypothyroidism occurs, one simply needs to take levothyroxine on time for replacement therapy to restore thyroid function to normal levels without any special discomfort. When the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is relatively large and causes significant compression symptoms, surgical treatment can be considered. Therefore, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not contagious, nor is it hereditary, but it does have a familial clustering tendency.

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Can Hashimoto's thyroiditis be cured?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroiditis in which the body itself has autoimmune antibodies, leading to the destruction of thyroid follicular cells and the release of a large amount of thyroid hormones, possibly resulting in hyperthyroidism. Some patients may experience hyperthyroidism for years or even decades, which requires anti-hyperthyroidism treatment. However, as the disease progresses, further destruction of thyroid function may occur, resulting in hypothyroidism. For patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, once hypothyroidism occurs, it is usually progressive. Therefore, once hypothyroidism occurs in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, lifelong replacement therapy with levothyroxine is necessary, as Hashimoto's thyroiditis cannot be completely cured, but clinical remission can be achieved through replacement therapy.