Typical symptoms of esophageal cancer

Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
Updated on September 11, 2024
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The most typical symptom of esophageal cancer is progressive difficulty swallowing, and a progressive sensation of swallowing obstruction is the most typical symptom. It's actually quite simple; the esophagus is akin to a water pipe or a tubular cavity. Esophageal cancer is like having a tumor grow inside this cavity, similar to something blocking the pipe, which causes the flow of water to be impeded. However, not only water passes through this esophagus, but also food. Therefore, if there's something inside the cavity, both water and food cannot pass through, leading to this difficulty swallowing and discomfort while swallowing.

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Esophageal cancer symptoms

In fact, the early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not very obvious. Some people only experience a slight discomfort when swallowing, and others might feel mild pain behind the sternum. However, in the advanced stages, the symptoms become more noticeable, such as progressive difficulty swallowing. Additionally, if the tumor compresses the laryngeal nerve, it can cause hoarseness. If it compresses the trachea, symptoms like shortness of breath and dry cough can occur. If the tumor erodes into the aorta, it can lead to severe bleeding.

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What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer recurrence?

The symptoms of recurrent esophageal cancer are similar to those at its initial onset, primarily characterized by difficulties in swallowing and eating obstructions. Some may also experience nausea, vomiting, and reflux symptoms of the digestive tract. Of course, when recurrence occurs, if there are metastases to other distant organs, then clinical manifestations corresponding to those metastatic locations will appear. For example, if esophageal cancer metastasizes to the lungs, it could lead to coughing, expectoration, shortness of breath, or chest pain, and even clinical symptoms related to coughing up blood. If there is liver metastasis from esophageal cancer, symptoms might include abdominal pain, fatigue, poor appetite, and even ascites among other clinical manifestations related to liver metastasis.

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Will esophageal cancer recur after resection?

After the removal of esophageal cancer, there is indeed a possibility of recurrence. This is because not only are there tumors on the esophagus, but some mediastinal lymph nodes around the esophagus may also have metastasized. It must be acknowledged that thoracic surgeons will definitely remove the tumor completely during surgery, but they can only remove the tumors that are visible to the naked eye. Many tumor cells that cannot be seen by the naked eye are impossible to remove. If the cancer is at a relatively advanced stage, many of these invisible tumor cells cannot be eliminated, just like air is invisible but still exists. Therefore, invisible does not mean there are no cancer cells. Thus, if there is no follow-up auxiliary treatment to kill the cancer cells, the cancer may very likely recur.

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What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer?

The symptoms of esophageal cancer generally include progressive difficulty in swallowing, because the esophagus itself is a tubular cavity, similar to a water pipe. Esophageal cancer typically forms a tumor within this tubular cavity, creating an obstruction. Consequently, the most common symptoms include difficulty swallowing and a sensation of blockage during eating, since food must pass through the esophagus. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, heartburn, and pain below the breastbone. Moreover, the difficulty in swallowing generally worsens progressively, as the tumor grows from small to large, increasingly narrowing the esophagus and exacerbating the swallowing difficulties.

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Early symptoms of esophageal cancer

The early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not very typical. In the early stages, there may be discomfort, a sensation of blockage, or burning and pinching feelings during swallowing. There might also be pain behind the breastbone. Other atypical gastrointestinal symptoms can include acid reflux, heartburn, belching, hiccups, and vomiting. However, as esophageal cancer progresses, the most typical symptom becomes difficulty swallowing, obstruction, and the sensation that swallowed items cannot pass down, including severe cases where even drinking water feels obstructed and leads to vomiting.