Early symptoms of esophageal cancer

Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
Updated on September 28, 2024
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The early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not very typical. In the early stages, there may be discomfort, a sensation of blockage, or burning and pinching feelings during swallowing. There might also be pain behind the breastbone. Other atypical gastrointestinal symptoms can include acid reflux, heartburn, belching, hiccups, and vomiting. However, as esophageal cancer progresses, the most typical symptom becomes difficulty swallowing, obstruction, and the sensation that swallowed items cannot pass down, including severe cases where even drinking water feels obstructed and leads to vomiting.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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Will esophageal cancer recur after resection?

After the removal of esophageal cancer, there is indeed a possibility of recurrence. This is because not only are there tumors on the esophagus, but some mediastinal lymph nodes around the esophagus may also have metastasized. It must be acknowledged that thoracic surgeons will definitely remove the tumor completely during surgery, but they can only remove the tumors that are visible to the naked eye. Many tumor cells that cannot be seen by the naked eye are impossible to remove. If the cancer is at a relatively advanced stage, many of these invisible tumor cells cannot be eliminated, just like air is invisible but still exists. Therefore, invisible does not mean there are no cancer cells. Thus, if there is no follow-up auxiliary treatment to kill the cancer cells, the cancer may very likely recur.

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Written by Peng Li Bo
Oncology
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What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer?

The symptoms of esophageal cancer generally include progressive difficulty in swallowing, because the esophagus itself is a tubular cavity, similar to a water pipe. Esophageal cancer typically forms a tumor within this tubular cavity, creating an obstruction. Consequently, the most common symptoms include difficulty swallowing and a sensation of blockage during eating, since food must pass through the esophagus. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, heartburn, and pain below the breastbone. Moreover, the difficulty in swallowing generally worsens progressively, as the tumor grows from small to large, increasingly narrowing the esophagus and exacerbating the swallowing difficulties.

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Written by Hu Zhong Dong
Medical Oncology
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Esophageal cancer symptoms

In fact, the early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not very obvious. Some people only experience a slight discomfort when swallowing, and others might feel mild pain behind the sternum. However, in the advanced stages, the symptoms become more noticeable, such as progressive difficulty swallowing. Additionally, if the tumor compresses the laryngeal nerve, it can cause hoarseness. If it compresses the trachea, symptoms like shortness of breath and dry cough can occur. If the tumor erodes into the aorta, it can lead to severe bleeding.

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Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
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How to check for esophageal cancer?

One clinical symptom of esophageal cancer is primarily dysphagia, especially progressive aggravation of dysphagia and difficulty swallowing. When these symptoms occur, the possibility of esophageal cancer should be considered, and one should seek medical attention at a hospital. An esophagoscope examination, which is an endoscopy, should be performed. Usually, under endoscopy, morphological changes in the esophagus can be observed, and if a biopsy is taken and cancer cells are found, esophageal cancer can be diagnosed. Therefore, the primary diagnostic approach for esophageal cancer involves an endoscopic examination and biopsy of the esophageal mass, which is the gold standard for diagnosis. After diagnosis, it is also necessary to perform comprehensive examinations such as chest and full abdominal CT scans, superficial lymph node ultrasound of the whole body, barium meal tests for the esophagus, and other examinations like ultrasound and esophagoscopy to assess the stage of the cancer and decide upon further treatment plans.

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Written by Zhai Guo Dong
Gastroenterology
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The difference between esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

Esophagitis and esophageal cancer have essential differences. Esophagitis is merely an inflammatory disease, which is relatively common in clinical settings and often related to excessive stomach acid, acid reflux, or other physical and chemical irritants. Esophageal cancer, on the other hand, is a malignant tumor. The mechanisms of their development, as well as the differences in prognosis and treatment plans, are very significant.