Causes of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Written by Xu Qing Tian
Otolaryngology
Updated on January 27, 2025
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in otolaryngology, ranking first in incidence among otolaryngological diseases. The main causes are often associated with the patient's long-term chronic inflammation in the nasal cavity, smoking, drinking, and other bad habits. For patients with nasal cancer, it is mainly about avoiding exposure to irritating gases and abstaining from smoking and drinking in daily life to prevent the occurrence of nasal cancer. Additionally, we can use electronic nasopharyngoscopy, electronic laryngoscopy, and blood system EB virus tests, among others, to exclude nasopharyngeal carcinoma. If local tumor proliferation is found in the pharyngeal recess or nasopharynx, biopsy forceps can be used to remove the patient's tumor for pathological examination and diagnosis.

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Written by Zhang Jun
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Can nasopharyngeal carcinoma be cured?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cannot be completely cured, as it is a malignant tumor, and malignant tumors cannot be completely cured worldwide. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma refers to the malignant tumors that occur at the top or lateral walls of the nasopharynx. The common clinical cause is viral infection, most commonly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, causing dryness, pain, and itching in the nasopharynx, along with backflow, blood in sputum, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Patients need to undergo a detailed examination with an electronic nasopharyngoscope and a CT scan of the nasopharynx for diagnosis. If an abnormal neoplasm is found, local pathological treatment is required. Once confirmed as malignant, local radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical treatment are also needed. After surgery, patients need to undergo regular follow-up examinations, and further treatment may be required if abnormal proliferation is found.

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Can patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma eat zongzi?

Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma can eat rice dumplings, which are a common food mainly made from glutinous rice. Eating rice dumplings does not have side effects on the condition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma nor does it affect the treatment outcomes, so patients can eat them normally. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma should seek medical attention in the oncology department as soon as they are diagnosed, and consider undergoing radiation therapy, with some needing to combine it with chemotherapy. After treatment, regular long-term check-ups are necessary, as some patients may experience local recurrence or distant metastasis, which requires timely subsequent targeted therapy.

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How to check for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor in the nasal area, clinically mainly squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively high in southern regions of our country. Clinically, the primary treatment is radiotherapy. For diagnosis, the first general step involves using an electronic nasopharyngoscope to examine the nasopharyngeal area for suspicious conditions. Further imaging studies can also be conducted, such as CT scans and MRI scans of the nasopharyngeal area. Through these examinations, if a neoplasm in the nasal area is essentially identified and suspected to be nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an endoscopic examination is conducted where forceps are used to clip tissue for a pathological biopsy. The pathological biopsy determines whether it is definitively nasopharyngeal carcinoma and identifies the type of cancer cells, thus guiding clinical treatment.

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What tests are done for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

The examination items for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are mainly divided into three types. The first type is imaging examinations, the second type is blood tests, and the third type is endoscopic pathological biopsy. Imaging examinations mainly involve CT or MRI of the nasopharynx and the whole body. If necessary, PET-CT may also be considered to clarify the extent of the condition and determine the presence of neck or distant metastases, which is helpful for diagnosis and adjuvant therapy. The second type involves blood tests, mainly including general biochemical blood tests and virus detection, which can assess the basic functional status of the body. The third type is the endoscopic pathological biopsy, which involves performing a pathological biopsy under nasal endoscopy, primarily to confirm the diagnosis and observe the extent of the lesion in the nasopharynx.

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Can nasopharyngeal cancer be cured?

A portion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients can meet the criteria for clinical cure. It largely depends on the specific staging and type of the cancer. Patients with higher differentiation and earlier stages, especially stages one and two, tend to have better treatment outcomes. Currently, radiation therapy is the primary treatment, and some patients may also need to undergo chemotherapy. Overall, chemotherapy is quite effective for most patients. However, whether clinical cure can be achieved primarily depends on the extent of the disease and individual differences. Some people respond better to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which in turn increases their chances of clinical cure. The five-year survival rate is considered the most important indicator.