What is shingles?

Written by Zhu Zhu
Dermatology
Updated on September 21, 2024
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Herpes zoster is a viral skin disease, and humans are the only hosts for the varicella-zoster virus. Therefore, the virus can easily enter the bloodstream through the respiratory tract mucosa, leading to viremia, and consequently causing chickenpox or presenting as a latent infection. The virus can lie dormant for long periods in our ganglia or nerve roots. When the body is stimulated again, leading to a decrease in resistance, the dormant virus can be activated, which may result in herpes zoster.

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Written by Zhu Zhu
Dermatology
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How is herpes zoster transmitted?

Shingles is caused by the activation of the varicella-zoster virus that lies dormant in the nerve roots, affecting both the skin and nerves. There are several ways shingles can spread, mainly through direct contact or droplet transmission. Direct contact transmission primarily occurs because the blister fluid in shingles blisters contains a high concentration of the virus. Therefore, before the blisters of a person with shingles are completely dry, they are somewhat contagious, primarily affecting those with lower resistance such as the elderly, children, women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and so on.

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How long should shingles be isolated?

The contagious period of shingles is about two weeks, so it is advisable to isolate for two to three weeks. Shingles typically occurs in people with weakened immune systems and is mainly caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The primary symptoms are red blister clusters on the skin that follow nerve pathways, accompanied by significant pain. Treatment primarily focuses on antiviral medication, nourishing the nerves, and relieving pain. Generally, within two to three weeks, the rash can crust over and shed, at which point it is no longer contagious, and isolation is no longer necessary.

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Written by Zhu Zhu
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How long will shingles take to heal?

The duration of recovery from herpes zoster varies from person to person and depends on the severity of the condition. If the herpes zoster only causes skin symptoms and does not lead to complications such as postherpetic neuralgia, then it is possible to recover with antiviral treatment within two weeks. However, if it causes other infections or complications like postherpetic neuralgia, then it may take months or even years to heal. Therefore, during the period of suffering from herpes zoster, it is essential to strengthen one's immunity, rest more, and engage in appropriate exercise.

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Can people with herpes zoster take a bath?

Whether or not someone who has herpes zoster (shingles) can take a bath depends on the individual’s condition. Most patients can bathe, but they must not scrub, especially at the areas affected by the rash. A minority of patients should avoid bathing if their blisters have ruptured, leading to open sores that could facilitate a secondary bacterial infection. In such cases, bathing is not recommended as it may worsen the infection.

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Written by Zhu Zhu
Dermatology
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Does shingles cause fever?

After contracting shingles, it is possible to experience symptoms of fever because this illness can lead to inflammatory responses. These inflammatory responses may manifest as systemic symptoms, such as fever. If fever occurs, it is advisable to use physical cooling methods or antipyretic medications for treatment, while concurrently addressing the primary illness of shingles. This involves using antiviral drugs and medications that nourish the nerves. It is also important to maintain a light diet, avoid spicy and irritating foods, and ensure plenty of rest.