What should not be eaten with hyperkalemia?

Written by Luo Han Ying
Endocrinology
Updated on February 27, 2025
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Potassium is an important element in human blood. Typically, the electrolytes we measure in blood tests include sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium. Both low and high levels of potassium can have adverse effects on the body, especially hyperkalemia, which can cause sudden cardiac arrest and is considered dangerous in clinical settings. Patients with normal kidney function are less likely to develop hyperkalemia, which is more commonly seen in those who may have consumed Chinese herbal medicines containing high amounts of potassium for a long time.

In patients with renal insufficiency, due to impaired kidney excretory function, hyperkalemia occurs more easily. Patients with hyperkalemia should generally avoid ACE inhibitors and ARB medications. For example, drugs like ACE inhibitors and spironolactone can further exacerbate hyperkalemia, so these types of medications are definitely not advisable.

(The use of medications should be under the guidance of a professional doctor.)

Other Voices

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Written by Gan Jun
Endocrinology
1min 6sec home-news-image

What are the changes in urine output in hyperkalemia?

When patients experience hyperkalemia, urine output generally decreases, leading to reduced potassium excretion by the kidneys, typically accompanied by abnormal kidney function. Thus, as long as kidney function is normal and daily urine output exceeds 500 milliliters, hyperkalemia is usually rare. Some causes of reduced renal potassium excretion include decreased glomerular filtration rates and reduced potassium secretion by the renal tubules, commonly seen in acute and chronic renal failure, adrenal cortex insufficiency, low renin, low aldosterone blood conditions, renal tubular acidosis, and long-term use of diuretics, especially potassium-sparing diuretics. Additionally, β-adrenergic tissue agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can cause drug-induced hyperkalemia, leading to abnormal kidney function and, consequently, decreased potassium excretion by the kidneys, ultimately resulting in reduced urine output.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
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Hyperkalemia can be seen in which diseases?

Hyperkalemia is a condition where the serum potassium concentration exceeds 5.5 millimoles per liter. Common causes include excessive intake of potassium, such as high-dose potassium penicillin intravenous infusion, ingestion of potassium-containing medications, or transfusion of large amounts of stored blood, all of which can lead to hyperkalemia. Additionally, patients with renal failure who experience oliguria or anuria may have reduced potassium excretion. In such cases, inappropriate potassium supplementation or the use of potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to severe hyperkalemia. Lastly, the movement of potassium from inside the cells—during metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis—causes ion exchange, leading to hydrogen ions entering the cells while potassium ions leak out, resulting in hyperkalemia.

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Written by Gan Jun
Endocrinology
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Mild hyperkalemia clinical manifestations

When blood potassium exceeds 5.5 millimoles per liter, it is referred to as hyperkalemia. Clinically, mild manifestations of hyperkalemia commonly involve the cardiovascular system, including bradycardia, audible enlargement of the heart, and weakened heart sounds. The electrocardiogram may show a shortened QT interval and peaked T waves. Symptoms related to the neuromuscular system include numbness in the lips and limbs, muscle soreness, and, in severe cases, paralysis of the respiratory muscles, which can lead to suffocation. All cases of hyperkalemia present various degrees of metabolic acidosis or azotemia, among other symptoms.

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Written by Wei Shi Liang
Intensive Care Unit
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The difference between hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia refers to a serum potassium concentration lower than 3.5mmol/L, and its clinical manifestations are diverse. The most life-threatening symptoms involve the cardiac conduction system and the neuromuscular system. Mild hypokalemia shows on an electrocardiogram as flattened T waves and the appearance of U waves, while severe hypokalemia can lead to fatal arrhythmias, such as torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation. In terms of the neuromuscular system, the most prominent symptom of hypokalemia is the loss of tone in smooth muscles and flaccid paralysis in skeletal muscles, which, when involving respiratory muscles, can lead to respiratory failure. Hyperkalemia, on the other hand, refers to a serum potassium concentration exceeding 5.5mmol/L, mainly presenting clinical symptoms in cardiac and neuromuscular conduction. Severe cases can cause bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction block, and even sinus arrest. Mild hyperkalemia, with levels between 5.5 to 6.0mmol/L, shows on an electrocardiogram as peaked T waves. As hyperkalemia continues to increase, it can lead to lengthening of the PR interval or disappearance of the P wave, QRS widening, and eventually cardiac arrest. Regarding the neuromuscular system, the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia are very similar to those of hypokalemia, including weakness and paralysis of skeletal and smooth muscles.

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Written by Tang Zhuo
Endocrinology
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Hyperkalemia is seen in which diseases?

When serum potassium levels exceed 5.5 millimoles per liter, it is referred to as hyperkalemia. Elevated serum potassium does not reflect an overall increase in body potassium, but due to limitations in testing methods, the clinical diagnosis of hyperkalemia still relies on combining serum potassium levels with electrocardiogram history. The causes of hyperkalemia are complex and commonly include: First, decreased renal potassium excretion, seen in acute kidney failure or insufficiency in adrenal cortical hormone synthesis and secretion, or long-term use of potassium-sparing diuretics; Second, shifts of potassium from inside the cells, often due to hemolysis, tissue damage, large-scale necrosis of tumors and inflammatory cells, shock, burns, excessive muscle contractions, acidosis, or injection of hypertonic saline or mannitol, which causes dehydration inside cells and leads to potassium leakage, resulting in hyperkalemia; Third, excessive intake of potassium-containing medications, such as high doses of potassium penicillin; Fourth, transfusion of stored blood can lead to hyperkalemia; Fifth, digitalis poisoning can cause hyperkalemia.