Primary hyperkalemia often coincides with metabolic acidosis, and in hyperkalemia-induced metabolic acidosis, paradoxical alkaline urine can occur. Once hyperkalemia occurs, it primarily affects the conduction of the heart and neuromuscular system. Typical clinical manifestations include severe bradycardia, atrioventricular conduction block, and even sinus arrest. In mild hyperkalemia, the electrocardiogram shows peaked T-waves; as potassium levels continue to rise, the PR interval prolongs, T-waves disappear, QRS complex widens, and ultimately, cardiac arrest occurs. Immediate treatment should be administered upon diagnosis to promote the excretion of potassium, maximizing the renal excretion capacity with diuretics. If drug-induced potassium excretion does not normalize levels and serum potassium exceeds 6.5 mmol/L, hemodialysis may be necessary. Additionally, some drugs can be used to shift potassium into the cells and protect cardiac function. (The use of any medication should be under the guidance of a doctor.)