Sequelae of acute nephritis

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 10, 2024
00:00
00:00

Most cases of acute nephritis do not cause complications; generally speaking, acute nephritis is a self-healing disease that can recover on its own. Approximately three to four weeks later, the condition can gradually alleviate, with the patient’s urine protein and occult blood decreasing until they disappear and kidney function returns to normal, and the edema can also subside, so generally there won’t be any complications. However, there are a minority of patients whose conditions are prolonged and do not heal, and if the patient's condition persists for three months or even half a year without recovery, it might evolve into chronic nephritis. Also, some patients may experience severe kidney failure, heart failure, and pulmonary infections during acute nephritis, leading to severe consequences. The likelihood of these situations occurring is relatively low.

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
54sec home-news-image

How is acute nephritis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of acute nephritis is actually not difficult, focusing on the following key points: 1. A history of upper respiratory or skin infections prior to the onset of the disease. 2. Typical manifestations of acute nephritis syndrome, including hematuria, proteinuria, reduced urine output, edema, and elevated blood pressure. Among these, hematuria is the most important basis for diagnosing acute nephritis, which can be gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, and proteinuria can be mild or severe. 3. During the acute phase, there can be an increase in anti-O and a decrease in serum complement C3 concentration. 4. It commonly affects adolescents and children. 5. Most cases improve or even recover after four to eight weeks of treatment.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
1min 7sec home-news-image

Symptoms of acute nephritis include back pain.

Patients with acute nephritis usually have hematuria as their main symptom. Initially, the condition presents as gross hematuria, but within 1-2 days, the patient transitions to microscopic hematuria, and the gross hematuria disappears. Patients may also experience edema, particularly noticeable in the eyelids and facial area upon waking up in the morning, along with varying degrees of increased urine protein. Typically, acute nephritis patients may also experience nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and discomfort in the lower back, but not back pain per se, as back pain is not a symptom of acute nephritis. However, if a patient with acute nephritis does develop back pain, it is crucial to rule out other diseases, such as kidney stones, ureteral stones, acute pyelonephritis, and acute renal infarction, all of which can cause sudden back pain in patients with acute nephritis. Back pain should be taken seriously, and appropriate exams, such as an immediate ultrasound, should be conducted.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
46sec home-news-image

Does acute nephritis cause fever?

Acute nephritis is actually a sterile inflammation, with significant proliferation of cells within the glomeruli, primarily related to immune dysfunction. Therefore, from this perspective, acute nephritis does not show symptoms of fever. However, due to the inflammatory response within the glomeruli causing acute nephritis, patients may experience renal failure. In the state of renal failure, the patient's immune capability further decreases, which could lead to complications from infections, with respiratory infections being the most common, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and acute tonsillitis. These inflammations may cause fever, but this fever is not a direct result of the acute nephritis itself.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
56sec home-news-image

Will acute nephritis cause facial swelling?

Acute nephritis can also cause facial swelling in patients. The pathological damage in patients with acute nephritis is the diffuse proliferation of glomerular cells, which reduces the glomeruli's ability to filter blood. As a result, patients may experience proteinuria and hematuria. Decreased kidney function in water excretion can lead to water accumulation in the body, causing edema in the lower limbs or facial area. The increase in urinary protein can also increase vascular permeability and decrease plasma osmotic pressure, leading to the movement of water outside the blood vessels. These factors can all cause edema. In the body, water tends to accumulate in areas where tissues are looser, such as the facial area. Thus, it is possible for patients with acute nephritis to experience facial swelling.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
53sec home-news-image

Principles of Acute Nephritis Treatment

The treatment of acute nephritis mainly involves managing the complications of acute nephritis, because acute nephritis itself can potentially heal automatically. The inflammatory reaction in the glomeruli can naturally subside, and proteinuria can decrease, kidney function can recover. However, acute nephritis may cause some complications that could be life-threatening to the patient. Therefore, treatment should focus on these complications to help the patient overcome difficulties, and then wait for the acute nephritis to heal automatically. Common complications mainly include heart failure, high blood pressure, pulmonary infections, etc. Thus, if a patient experiences heart failure, diuretics or even dialysis may be needed, and if an infection occurs, a full course of antibiotics is necessary for anti-inflammatory treatment.