Symptoms of Acute Nephritis

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 01, 2024
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Acute nephritis may present with some clinical symptoms. The main characteristics are that patients may have hematuria and proteinuria. When there is a significant amount of blood in the urine, it can be detected by the naked eye, known as gross hematuria. For instance, the color of the patient's urine could be dark like strong tea or bright red. Patients might also experience increased urine foam due to the presence of proteins in the urine, especially in cases where there is a significant presence of urinary proteins. A minority of patients may experience acute renal failure, often characterized by reduced urine output, or even anuria. Due to the reduced urine output, the water intake of patients cannot be fully excreted, leading to edema. Patients may experience swelling of the facial and bilateral lower limbs or even the whole body.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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How should acute nephritis be treated?

Patients with acute nephritis generally have a good prognosis after reasonable and standardized treatment, and rarely develop into chronic nephritis. The main means of treating acute nephritis is symptomatic supportive care, requiring patients to rest in bed during the acute phase. At the same time, spicy food should be avoided and salt intake should be appropriately controlled. If the patient has an infection, sensitive antibiotics should be actively selected for treatment. Additionally, diuretics can be appropriately used for patients with edema, and if the patient also has hypertension, antihypertensive drugs may be used to keep blood pressure within an appropriate range. Of course, some severe cases of acute nephritis may lead to heart failure or renal failure, in which case dialysis should be actively pursued. (Specific medication use should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Is acute nephritis contagious?

Acute nephritis is not contagious. Acute nephritis generally occurs after a patient has a bacterial inflammation of the respiratory tract, such as infections by streptococcus, staphylococcus, and other bacteria affecting the respiratory tract, urinary tract, digestive tract, or skin. This leads to a secondary inflammatory response. These inflammatory immune complexes travel through the bloodstream to the kidneys, causing an inflammatory reaction within the organ. It could also be due to the deposition of immune complexes within the glomeruli, leading to glomerular damage. This disease itself is not contagious. Although these bacteria exist as triggers, they typically do not have the capability to infect other patients. Moreover, even if they were to infect others, it would not necessarily lead to nephritis.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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What are the symptoms of acute nephritis?

Acute nephritis is commonly seen in children. Most cases of acute nephritis are preceded by a history of streptococcal infection one to three weeks before the onset. Once acute nephritis occurs, the main symptoms include the development of edema, especially swelling of the eyelids and face after waking up in the morning. Additionally, patients with acute nephritis will also experience hematuria, which can be visible or microscopic, with increased foam in the urine and a change in color, and even a decrease in urine output. Of course, patients with severe acute nephritis will also experience a significant increase in blood pressure, leading to nausea, vomiting, headaches, palpitations, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and an inability to lie flat, resulting in heart failure. Therefore, patients with acute nephritis need to undergo reasonable and standardized treatment to avoid complications.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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Early symptoms of acute nephritis

The occurrence of acute nephritis is related to streptococcal infections and is commonly seen in children. Typically, 1-3 weeks before the onset of acute nephritis, patients often have a history of infections in the throat, upper respiratory tract, or skin. Once acute nephritis occurs, the initial symptoms include hematuria, which can manifest as either gross or microscopic hematuria. There is also the appearance of edema, especially noticeable swelling of the eyelids and facial area upon waking up in the morning, and even a decrease in urine output. Additionally, patients with acute nephritis often experience increased foam in the urine, indicating the presence of proteinuria, as well as general weakness, back pain, nausea, and vomiting. After the onset of acute nephritis, some patients may experience elevated blood pressure and even transient renal failure.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
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How to treat acute nephritis?

Acute nephritis is commonly seen in children. The most typical clinical manifestations of acute nephritis include macroscopic or microscopic hematuria, increased urinary protein, and varying degrees of edema, particularly noticeable in the eyelids and facial areas. There may also be varying degrees of increased blood pressure, and even renal failure can occur. In terms of treatment, there are no specific drugs for acute nephritis; the main approach is symptomatic and supportive treatment. During the acute phase, patients should rest in bed and receive targeted treatment for their complications. If there is severe edema, diuretics may be used appropriately. If there is a significant increase in blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs should be used to control the pressure. In cases of severe heart failure, palpitations, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, diuretics should also be used to alleviate the cardiac load. If the patient experiences oliguria, hyperkalemia, or acute renal failure, temporary dialysis may be necessary. Furthermore, a low-salt, low-fat, and light diet should be maintained to prevent complications from excessive salt intake causing edema and high blood pressure. (Use of medications should be under the guidance of a doctor.)