How many days does the fever last in acute nephritis?

Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
Updated on September 04, 2024
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Generally speaking, acute nephritis itself does not cause fever symptoms in patients. Acute nephritis can cause visible hematuria and an increase in foamy urine. Some patients may also experience a reduction in urine output, severe edema, kidney failure, and other clinical symptoms. However, fever is not a common symptom caused by acute nephritis itself. If such patients develop a fever, it may be due to lung or gastrointestinal infections caused by acute nephritis, as patients with acute nephritis have lowered immune capabilities and are often prone to bacterial infections in other parts of the body, such as coughing and sputum production. In such cases, the patient might have lung inflammation and would require antibiotic treatment to kill the bacteria. Generally, most patients' conditions can be controlled after 10 to 14 days.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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What are the symptoms of acute nephritis?

All patients with acute nephritis will have abnormalities in routine urinalysis, presenting with hematuria or proteinuria, or both concurrently. However, the severity of the condition varies. Some patients may have a large number of red blood cells in their urine, resulting in gross hematuria, tea-colored urine, light red urine, or urine resembling washed meat. Patients might also experience an increase in urine foam due to a large amount of urinary protein. Additionally, patients may develop acute renal failure, during which they might experience a decrease in urine output. However, all mentioned conditions can gradually improve over the course of three to four weeks, with increases in urine output, normalization of routine urinalysis, and resolution of edema.

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Written by Hu Lin
Nephrology
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Symptoms of acute nephritis.

The symptoms of acute nephritis are mainly manifested as acute nephritic syndrome, that is, hematuria, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and transient acute kidney injury. Hematuria is a symptom present in almost all cases of acute nephritis, but it is mostly microscopic hematuria, meaning during examination, the routine urine analysis shows positive occult blood, or red blood cells are found in the urinary sediment. About 40% of the patients may exhibit gross hematuria, where the urine color appears like wash-water or may be bright red, deep tea-colored, and so on. The second symptom is proteinuria, which is also often indicated by a positive urine protein test during routine checks. The third symptom is edema, an early symptom of acute nephritis. Mildly, it presents as swelling of the eyelids in the morning and can spread to the whole body if severe. The fourth symptom is hypertension, with about 80% of patients showing a moderate increase in blood pressure. In severe cases, patients might experience oliguria, with urine output less than 400ml/d, accompanied by transient mild increases in blood creatinine and urea nitrogen, indicating acute kidney injury. This condition is mostly self-limiting, and many patients can recover within a few weeks.

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Written by Zhou Qi
Nephrology
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Acute nephritis has the following characteristics:

Acute nephritis has the following characteristics: First, patients with acute nephritis often have a history of a precursor upper respiratory tract infection. After catching a cold, patients may develop hematuria, proteinuria, or anuria. Second, patients with acute nephritis will experience a decrease in complement C3 in the blood. After recovery from acute nephritis, complement C3 can restore itself. Third, acute nephritis is self-limiting; generally, the patient's condition will gradually improve over three to four weeks, and recovery can be complete after eight weeks. However, a very small number of patients might experience prolonged illness, evolving into chronic nephritis. Fourth, the pathological characteristic of acute nephritis is diffuse proliferation of capillary endothelial cells, which is a manifestation of pathological damage to the glomeruli.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
Nephrology
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Acute Nephritis Pathological Characteristics

The pathological features of acute nephritis include enlarged kidneys, and under the light microscope, there is diffuse proliferation of glomeruli, capillary endothelial cells, and mesangial cells. During the acute phase, there can be infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. In severe cases, constriction or occlusion of the capillary loops occurs, and the renal interstitium has edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Under immunofluorescence, there are deposits of IgG and C3 appearing as granular deposits along the glomerular capillary walls and mesangial areas. Under electron microscopy, there are hump-shaped electron-dense deposits beneath the glomerular epithelium. Acute nephritis is commonly seen in children, characterized by a sudden onset and symptoms such as hematuria, increased urinary protein, edema, and elevated blood pressure, even transient renal function decline may occur.

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Written by Li Liu Sheng
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How is acute nephritis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of acute nephritis is actually not difficult, focusing on the following key points: 1. A history of upper respiratory or skin infections prior to the onset of the disease. 2. Typical manifestations of acute nephritis syndrome, including hematuria, proteinuria, reduced urine output, edema, and elevated blood pressure. Among these, hematuria is the most important basis for diagnosing acute nephritis, which can be gross hematuria or microscopic hematuria, and proteinuria can be mild or severe. 3. During the acute phase, there can be an increase in anti-O and a decrease in serum complement C3 concentration. 4. It commonly affects adolescents and children. 5. Most cases improve or even recover after four to eight weeks of treatment.